红外低发射率/控温复合涂层的微观结构调控与兼容性能研究

Infrared stealth of a target usually requires low infrared radiation. Infrared radiation energy of an object depends on the emissivity and surface temperature. It can be decreased by application of low emissivity coatings, phase change coatings and heat insulation coatings. However, some hard technical problems have yet to be solved for each kind of functional coating in infrared stealthy application. Combination of low emissivity and temperature control in a composite coating could be an attractive way to make up for the deficiency of single function coatings. However, low emissivity and temperature control showed bad compatibility in composite coating because of completely contrary demand of heat resistance. According to the mechanisms of low emissivity and temperature control, a structure of "high thermal conductivity in the surface layer and low in the substrate" is to be designed in this project. By optimizing the morphology and physical parameters (density, thermal conductivity, phase change temperature and latent heat) of fillers, regulate and control the microstructure and heat resistance distribution of composite coatings, study the effect mechanism of micro composition structure and heat resistance distribution on the emissivity and surface temperature of the composite coatings, and discover the key influencing factors for compatibility between low emissivity and thermal control. The research results would not only lay good foundation for improving the infrared stealthy of weaponry, but also provide important theoretical guidance on the design of the controllable infrared radiant materials for the application in various civil use areas.

红外隐身通常要求目标低红外辐射。物体的红外辐射取决于表面发射率和温度。单一性能涂层能在一定程度上削弱目标的红外辐射，但目前都存在难以突破的技术瓶颈。将低发射率和控温功能相结合，制备复合涂层，可以通过优势互补，协同削弱目标的红外辐射，弥补单一性能涂层的不足。然而，在涂层中低发射率和控温性能对热阻的要求互相矛盾，导致两者互相制约、难以兼容，成为复合涂层亟需解决的难题。本项目从材料的低发射率和控温机理出发，提出“表面高热导、内部低热导”的复合涂层结构，通过优化功能填料的形貌、配比及物性参数（密度、热导率、相变温度、相变潜热等），调控复合涂层的微观结构和热阻分布，研究其与复合涂层的发射率和控温性能之间的内在关系，寻求有助于低发射率和控温性能兼容的关键因素，为设计新的红外隐身涂层材料、进一步提高我国武器装备系统的红外隐身性能奠定理论基础，也为民用领域中红外辐射可控材料的设计提供理论指导。

物体的红外辐射取决于表面发射率和温度。本项目将低发射率和控温功能相结合，制备复合涂层，通过优势互补，协同削弱目标的红外辐射，弥补单一性能涂层的不足。本项目从材料的低发射率和控温机理出发，提出“表面高热导、内部低热导”的复合涂层结构，制备了单层和双层两种低发射率/控温复合涂层，通过优化功能填料的形貌、配比及物性参数，调控复合涂层的微观结构和热阻分布，研究了其与复合涂层的发射率和控温性能之间的内在关系。研究结果表明，与单一性能涂层相比，低发射率/控温复合涂层进一步降低了红外辐射能量，增强了目标的红外隐身性能。与单一性低发射率涂层相比，低发射率/控温涂层能进一步有效降低表面温度5-20℃；与单一性相变控温涂层相比，低发射率/控温涂层能大幅降低表面发射率（从0.9降至0.2）。其中，单层低发射率/控温复合涂层的表面温度比低发射率涂层降低达5-20℃，发射率0.4-0.9，双层复合涂层的表面温度比低发射率涂层降低5-7℃，发射率0.1-0.2，且力学性能良好，本项目的实施和研究结果为设计新的红外隐身涂层材料、进一步提高我国武器装备系统的红外隐身性能奠定了理论基础，也为民用领域中红外辐射可控材料的设计提供理论指导.