高层大气气辉体发射率的研究

The upper atmospheric wind fields (volume emission rate VER, wind velocity, temperature) are very significant with the human’s actions of the weather warming, ozonosphere changing and grievous fog and haze. Although it is very difficult to measure for the very rare atmosphere, its results of theoretical research and experimental measurement can be supported with the solar wind, airglow, aurora, tide and gravitational wave, etc. phenomena. A prototype of ground based airglow imaging interferometer (GBAII) had been constructed by our group for simultaneous measurement of the upper atmospheric wind velocity and temperature at an altitude of 90-100km in 2012. GBAII had combined the principles of a wide-angle Michelson interferometer (MI) and a narrow-band Fabry–Pérot filter to measure the atmospheric wind velocity and temperature; GBAII had successfully detected the atmospheric wind velocity and temperature at the altitude of 90-100km in Xi’an urban area. In this project, firstly, the VER of O2b(0-1) airglow will be researched continually by GBAII after researched how to increase GBAII’s precision. Secondly, the VER of O2b(0-1) airglow’ physics mechanism and the airglow’s transmission rule by the upper and lower oblique path will be researched. Thirdly, the VER’s forward is hoped to obtain. Fourly, the VER is obtained by GBAII, finally, the relative error of VER is hoped at 5-10% which is lower the VER relative error of 15% by SABER satellite. This research results will support the “Kuafu project”.

高层大气风场（体发射率、风速、温度等）对气候变暖、臭氧层变化和雾霾严重等低层大气人类活动密切相关，虽对极稀薄高层大气的测量十分困难，但其研究结果可为太阳风、气辉、极光、重力波等物理规律提供理论和实验支持。我们自制的地基气辉成像干涉仪GBAII样机，糅合了国外单独测风和测温的两台仪器原理，解决了同台仪器对大气风速和温度的同步探侧问题，多次成功探测到西安上空90-100km的大气风速和温度。本项目用GBAII来拓展研究气辉体发射率VER，首先对VER的物理机制、气辉在大气斜射程中传输规律和提高GBAII探测气辉VER精度等方面进行理论研究，然后用GBAII进行VER正演研究，最后用GBAII观测VER进行数据反演得到结果。本项目拟将VER探测的相对误差控制在5-10%，该结果低于国际上SABER星载仪器观测VER的15%误差。本项目研究结果能为“夸父计划”获取理论支持和互补性实验结果。

本项目研究了O(1S)和O2(0-1)夜气辉的能级跃迁和光化学反应方程，根据大气粒子动态平衡导出气辉VER（volume emission rate）表达式，利用NRLMSISE-00数据库中的大气粒子浓度，用MATLAB分别模拟得出VER随高度变化的普遍离散表达式，导出了地基GBAII仪器探测 IER（integrated emission rate）显函数表达式。.由于气辉VER是单位体积单位时间内气辉粒子辐射出来的光子数（亮度），单位是photos cm-3s-1，IER是地面CCD在单位面积单位时间接收到的光子数（照度），单位是photos cm-2s-1，所以本项目利用自制的地基气辉成像干涉仪GBAII样机实际探测的是IER。.本项目前2年将GBAII拉到临潼、秦岭等山里拍摄夜气辉O(1S)和O2(0-1)的图像和干涉条纹，再经过图像处理获得西安及其周边上空90-100km的IER。从2019年底项目组又研制了一台GBAVTII（Ground based airglow VER & temperature imaging interferometer）样机，将其放置在西安理工大学曲江校区教9楼顶(E109.01°, N34.23°)，可拍摄更多夜气辉O2(0-1)图像，反演得到了地球上空90-100km的O2(0-1)夜气辉的IER、大气浓度和温度结果。.本项目通过自制样机GBAII和GBAVTII反演得到西安及其周边上空90-100km 的O2(0-1)和O(1S )气的IER，理论与实验的相对误差绝大部分控制在10%以内。发表期刊SCI检索论文 12篇，EI检索6篇，授权发明专利3项，培养研究生9人，3项获奖，参加国内外会议11人次，邀请国外专家来校作报告6人次，完成了本项目原计划的内容和目标。