小型哺乳动物种群系统动态调节新复合因子理论的研究

ABSTRACT In this project, the effective patterns of food availability, predation and interspecific competition(Apodemus agrarius) interaction on the demography, population density, population recruitment, sex ratio, reproductive success, age structure, growth rate of body mass, survival rate, home range, aggressive behavior, dispersal and moving distance for the population system of reed voles, Microtus fortis were examined using 2×2×2 factorial experiment design under the enclosure in field and the laboratory of behavior ecology. Two specific hypotheses that availability of high quality food, predation and interspecific competition have independent and addictive effects on population system dynamics for microtine small mammals; and that availability of high quality food could reduce home range and aggressive behavior level between individuals of microtine small mammals, predation and interspecific competition have independent effects on spatial behavior of microtine small mammals were generally supported by the results in this study.The pattern of integrative effects of direct and indirect action, and interaction between external factories and extrinsic factories on the population system dynamics regulation in microtine small mammals has been developed. The effects of food availability, predation and interspecific competition on population densities and recruitments appeared to be additive (no significant interaction) and different magnitude.A primary model of causation net for population system dynamics regulation was constructed. The results provided a quantity of evidences and information for construction of the systematic net and foundation of new multifactoral hypothesis for population system dynamics regulation in microtine small mammals.

本研究将在野外围栏条件下，以析因设计测定食物可利用性、捕食及种间竞争对沼泽田鼠种群统计特征及空间行为的作用；以行为遗传学及分子生物学方法，测定母体和亲缘效应对种群动态的自动调节。旨在探讨外部及内部因子直接、间接及交互作用对种群动态的整合效应；检验小哺乳类种群系统动态调节新复合因子假设，以对种群调节机制的理解有所进展。