电场工况下导电离子液体润滑脂的设计及摩擦学规律研究

High contact resistance, friction and wear, corrosion are common problems that restrict the quality and service life of space technology, national defense industry and other large equipment, micro/nano electromechanical systems. Therefore, developing high performance，no corrosion ionic liquid conductive lubricating greases and finding the tribological rules and friction reduction and antiwear mechanisms of them is one of the hot and important topics in the field of tribology. The ionic liquid molecular design and interface chemistry as the guiding ideology and considering the high temperature resistant bisimidazolium, oil soluble quaternary phosphonium and new lithium ionic liquid, this project will use polytetrafluoroethylene as thickener to controllably prepare the high performance and corrosion free ionic liquid lubricating greases, carry out research on the molecular structure of ionic liquid lubricating greases and their tribological rules under electric field condition, reveal the lubrication and anti-wear mechanism of conductive ionic liquid lubricating greases, build the molecules tailored design theory of high performance conductive ionic liquid lubricating grease.

面对接触电阻过大、摩擦磨损及腐蚀则是制约空间技术、国防工业等大型机械装备及微/纳机电系统使用质量和服役寿命的共性问题，发展高性能、无腐蚀的离子液体导电润滑脂及发现导电润滑脂摩擦学规律及其减摩抗磨机制则是离子液体作为新型润滑材料在摩擦学领域研究的热点和重点之一。本项目以离子液体分子可设计性和界面摩擦化学为指导思想，兼顾双咪唑的耐高温性、季膦盐的高油溶性及锂离子液体，以聚四氟乙烯为稠化剂，可控制备高性能无腐蚀离子液体基润滑脂，开展电场工况下离子液体基润滑脂分子结构及其摩擦学规律研究，揭示电场工况下导电离子液体润滑脂的润滑抗磨机理，建立高性能导电离子液体基润滑脂分子可剪裁设计理论。

为解决因接触电阻过大，摩擦磨损而导致空间技术、国防工业等大型机械设备及微/纳机电系统使用寿命缩短和使用质量较差的问题，发展新型高性能导电润滑脂是摩擦学领域研究的热点和重点之一。本项目针对这一研究背景，发展了一种以离子液体为基础油制备高性能导电润滑脂的方法。研究了以极性离子液体为基础油，聚四氟乙烯颗粒为稠化剂制备非皂基润滑脂以及极性较小的油溶性离子液体和油的混合物为基础油稠化制备聚脲脂和复合锂基润滑脂的方法。研究揭示了离子液体润滑脂的润滑抗磨机理。研究为新型高性能导电润滑脂产品的研发奠定了理论基础。