番茄灰霉菌（Botrytis cinerea）对啶酰菌胺的抗药性风险评价及抗药机理研究

Botrytis cinerea is a phytopathogenic fungus with the characteristics of wide hosts, fast reproduction and genetic mutation, and serious damage. At present, the problem of fungicide resistance has become serious in the the control of this pathogen. Boscalid is a new pyridine carboxamide fungicide which targets succinate dehydrogenase in the mitochondrial electron transport chain in fungi, and it could control gray mold effectively which was caused by B. cinerea. However, boscalid resistant isolates have been found on many crops in abroad due to the single functional site and short life cycle and prolific reproduction recently. So far, studies on the resistance risk and mechanism of Botrytis cinerea to boscalid have not been reported in China. Therefore, this project will carry out systematic investigations on sensitivity assay, boscalid resistant mutants obtained, resistance risk assessment and the molecular mechanism of resistance development base on the target pathogen B. cinerea. It will have great significance to formulate strategies of resistance management and monitor resistance groups of B. cinerea in field for future.

番茄灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）是一种寄主范围广、繁殖速度快、遗传变异大、危害极其严重的病原真菌，目前抗药性问题已成为该病菌防治中一个亟待解决的问题。啶酰菌胺是一类以病原菌线粒体电子传递链中琥珀酸脱氢酶为靶标位点的新型吡啶酰胺类杀菌剂，对B. cinerea引起的灰霉病具有良好的防治效果。但是由于其作用位点单一，加之灰霉菌具有遗传变异大、适合度高的特点，国外已发现多种作物灰霉病菌对啶酰菌胺产生了抗性。目前国内在番茄灰霉菌抗药风险及抗药机理方面还未见报道。基于此，本研究拟以番茄灰霉菌为靶标菌，就敏感性测定、抗药突变体的获得，抗药性风险评价及抗药性分子机理等方面进行较为系统的测试和探讨，对今后抗药性治理策略的制定，田间抗性灰霉菌类群的监测和治理具有重要意义。

番茄灰霉病菌（Botrytis cinerea）是一种寄主范围广、繁殖速度快、遗传变异大、危害极其严重的病原真菌，目前抗药性问题已成为该病菌防治中一个亟待解决的问题。啶酰菌胺是一类以病原菌线粒体电子传递链中琥珀酸脱氢酶为靶标位点的新型吡啶酰胺类杀菌剂，对B. cinerea引起的灰霉病具有良好的防治效果。但是由于其作用位点单一，加之灰霉菌具有遗传变异大、适合度高的特点，国外已发现多种作物灰霉病菌对啶酰菌胺产生了抗性。目前国内在番茄灰霉菌抗药风险及抗药机理方面还未见报道。本研究以番茄灰霉菌为靶标菌，就敏感性测定、抗药突变体的获得，抗药性风险评价及抗药性分子机理等方面进行较为系统的测试和探讨，对今后抗药性治理策略的制定，田间抗性灰霉菌类群的监测和治理具有重要意义。.本研究针对山西运城温室番茄灰葡萄孢对杀菌剂啶酰菌胺的抗性进行了调查与分析，从温室番茄病果、病叶上利用单孢分离法获得灰葡萄孢菌株268个。通过菌丝生长速率法测定菌株的EC50值，结果表明灰葡萄孢对啶酰菌胺的EC50值范围为0.40 ~ 132 μg/mL，抗性菌株81个，占测试菌株总数的77.14%；敏感性菌株24个。选取对啶酰菌胺表现敏感、低抗、中抗和高抗的菌株各10个，并对其SdhA，SdhB，SdhC和SdhD基因序列比对分析，结果显示，低抗到高抗的30个抗性菌株SdhB的 272 位组氨酸发生点突变，而SdhA，SdhC和SdhD基因无突变。适应性分析显示抗性菌株与敏感性菌株在菌丝生长、产孢量、孢子萌发及致病性方面都存在明显差异。