新型高吸附能力多孔偕胺肟基聚丙烯腈的制备及其对选冶废水重金属离子吸附性能的研究

Conventional polyacrylonitrile chelating resin has low density of functional groups and thus exhibit low adsorption capacity and efficiency. In order to realize the separation and enrichment of heavy metal ions quickly and effectively in smelting wastewater, the high porosity, uniform pore structure and precise controlling on the porous structure and well defined porous amidoxime polyacrylonitrile with narrow molecular weight distribution was prepared by atom transfer radical polymerization with high internal phase emulsions as templates. The novel adsorption materials with excellent properties, such as large adsorption capacity and high selectivity, fast adsorption rate, easy separation and reusability, low cost, simple separation, no secondary pollution. The effect of experimental conditions on the ability of novel adsorbents to remove heavy metal ions in smelting wastewater was further investigated under static adsorption. The isothermal, kinetic, and thermodynamic model were used to investigate the adsorption equilibrium, the nature of adsorption process, flow rates and thermodynamic behavior. The results provided a theoretical basis and application support in the field of separation and enrichment of heavy metal ions quickly and effectively in smelting wastewater.

传统聚丙烯腈螯合树脂吸附剂吸附量小、官能团密度低、生产效率低。为实现对选冶废水重金属离子快速有效分离富集，本项目以高内相比乳液为模板，采用原子转移自由基聚合技术，设计并合成吸附量大、去除效率高、吸附速率快、选择性识别能力强、易于分离、重复利用率高、价格低廉、制备简单、对环境无污染的多孔偕胺肟基聚丙烯腈。其分子量及其分子量分布可控、孔道大小和分布可控。进一步考察静态吸附模式下操作条件对新材料吸附净化选冶废水中的重金属离子效果的影响，获取新材料吸附重金属离子的最佳条件；运用等温线模型、动力学模型和热力学模型对吸附平衡进行分析，研究吸附过程的特点、控速步骤及热力学行为，为多孔偕胺肟基聚丙烯腈吸附分离选冶废水中的重金属离子提供理论依据和应用支持。

本项目以高内相比乳液为模板，采用原子转移自由基聚合技术，设计并合成吸附量大、去除效率高、吸附速率快、选择性识别能力强、易于分离、重复利用率高、价格低廉、制备简单、对环境无污染的多孔偕胺肟基聚丙烯腈。其分子量及其分子量分布可控、孔道大小和分布可控。进一步考察静态吸附模式下操作条件对新材料吸附净化选冶废水中的重金属离子效果的影响，获取新材料吸附重金属离子的最佳条件；运用等温线模型、动力学模型和热力学模型对吸附平衡进行分析，研究吸附过程的特点、控速步骤及热力学行为，为多孔偕胺肟基聚丙烯腈吸附分离选冶废水中的重金属离子提供理论依据和应用支持。在此基础上，采用偕胺肟基聚丙烯腈改性的丝瓜络、聚乙烯醇制备新型吸附剂，研究了其在废水中吸附重金属离子的性能。