复杂动力作用下水库中物质输运的时空响应机制研究

This project aims to study the temporal and spatial response mechanism of mass transport under wave, current, heat and wind conditions in reservoir. Firstly, a surface wave model is established for coupling with a three-dimensional unstructured flow model. It provides wave property, such as significant wave height, wave period and wave direction to flow model and flow model provides the mean water level and current to wave model in contrary. The wave effect on the flow model is considered by taking account of wave effect on the surface and bottom stress and by including a three-dimensional radiation stress term in the governing equations. The thermal and wind effects are considered by including buoyant and wind shear term in the momentum equations. The heat exchange term in heat transport equation includes the solar radiation, atmospheric radiation, long wave radiation from the water surface and evaporation and conduction. Based on the established model the flow structure, residence time and water age in reservoir under wave, current, heat and wind conditions are simulated, and the flow structure is studied by means of particle trajectory. An analysis of the impaction of the varies conditions on the flow structure, residence time, water age and mass transport in reservoir is applied. The bearing ability of the water environment is analyzed. Integration of Geography Information System gives a direct visual analysis of the model results. It can provide the scientific basis and reliable methods for the environmental planning and management of reservoir, as well as for the control and govern of pollution, and is of great scientific significance and practical application value.

本项目以研究风、浪、流、热作用下水库中物质输运的时空响应机制为目标。首先，建立基于非结构网格的参数化表面波浪模型，使之与非结构有限体积水流数值模型进行双向耦合，波浪模型向水流模型提供有效波高、波周期、波向等波要素，水流模型向波浪模型提供流速及波周期平均水面。在动量方程中引入浮力、表面风应力、辐射应力以及波流摩阻力的作用；在热输运方程中引入太阳短波辐射、大气长波辐射、水面长波辐射、蒸发和热传导等因素对水温的影响。在此基础上，全面考虑风、浪、流、热以及入库径流的影响，对水库的水流结构、水体滞留时间和水体水龄分布进行模拟，并通过粒子追踪对水流结构进行系统研究，分析各种动力因素对水库水流结构、水体滞留时间、水体水龄分布以及物质输运过程的影响。分析水库的污染承载能力，结合地理信息系统进行直观的可视化分析。为水库环境规划与管理以及污染控制和治理提供科学依据和可靠手段，具有重要的科学意义与应用价值。

本项目以研究风、浪、流、热作用下水库中物质输运的时空响应机制为目标。首先，建立了基于非结构网格的表面波浪模型，使之与非结构有限体积水流数值模型进行双向耦合，波浪模型向水流模型提供有效波高、波周期、波向等波要素，水流模型向波浪模型提供流速及波周期平均水面。在动量方程中引入浮力、表面风应力、辐射应力以及波流摩阻力的作用；在热输运方程中引入太阳短波辐射、大气长波辐射、水面长波辐射、蒸发和热传导等因素对水温的影响。在此基础上，全面考虑风、浪、流、热以及入库径流的影响，对水库的水流结构、水体滞留时间和水体水龄分布进行了模拟，并通过粒子追踪对水流结构进行了系统研究，分析了各种动力因素对水库水流结构、水体滞留时间、水体水龄分布以及物质输运过程的影响。分析了水库的污染承载能力，结合地理信息系统进行直观的可视化分析。为水库环境规划与管理以及污染控制和治理提供科学依据和可靠手段，具有重要的科学意义与应用价值。研究成果在《Frontiers of Earth Science》、《Acta Oceanologica Sinica》、《海洋学报》以及《水力发电学报》等学术期刊上发表了标注国家自然科学基金项目（51279023）资助的期刊论文11篇，论文被SCI收录3篇、EI收录2篇。培养毕业了硕士研究生6名，开展了国际合作和学术交流。