真空开关横磁触头横-纵磁场分量对电弧特性影响的研究

The contact system is one of the key factors that affect the breaking performance of the vacuum switch. It is very important to study the characteristics and control mechanism of the vacuum arc between the contacts to improve the breaking capacity of the vacuum switch. In this project, the influence of the transverse and axial magnetic field component on the arc characteristics of the transverse magnetic field (TMF) contact in the vacuum switch is investigated. The influence of the transverse and axial magnetic field component on the characteristics of the vacuum arc between TMF contacts is studied by numerical simulation and experimental method. And the quantitative condition for arc motion under the combined action of the transverse and axial magnetic field components is obtained. The arc erosion and motion law of the melting zone on anode surface under the interaction of the transverse and axial magnetic field is investigated. The transverse magnetic vacuum arc model considering the axial magnetic field component is established; the control method of the interrupting performance of TMF contacts based on axial magnetic field component is also obtained. Based on the related research, the general evaluation method and quantitative optimization principle of TMF contact with axial field magnetic component are explored, and the theoretical basis and method of improving the performance of TMF contact are obtained. TMF contact with proper axial magnetic field component is designed. This project can enrich the theoretical system of vacuum arc under the action of magnetic field, and provide the theoretical and technical basis for the development of high performance vacuum interrupter.

真空开关中的触头系统是影响真空开关开断性能的关键因素之一，研究触头间真空电弧的特性和调控机理对于提高真空开关大电流开断能力具有重要意义。本项目对真空开关横磁触头间横-纵磁场分量对电弧特性的影响展开研究，通过数值模拟和实验研究横磁触头间横-纵磁场分量对真空电弧特性的影响，获得横磁触头横-纵磁场分量共同作用下电弧的定量运动条件；查清横向-纵向磁场共同作用下，电弧运动对阳极表面烧蚀及阳极熔化区域的运动规律；建立考虑纵向磁场分量的横磁真空电弧模型；建立利用纵向磁场分量的对横磁触头开断特性调控的方法。综合相关研究，探索考虑纵磁分量的横磁触头通用评价方法和定量优化原则，获取提升横磁触头性能的理论依据和方法，设计结构较为简单的、具有合理的纵向磁场分量的横磁触头结构。本项目可以丰富磁场作用下真空电弧理论体系，为高性能的真空灭弧室的开发提供理论和技术基础。

真空开关是在真空介质中开断和关合电路的开关设备。由于其具有体积小、重量轻、无污染、使用寿命长、维护简单等优点，目前真空开关在国内外中压等级的电力系统中都已经广泛应用。真空开关中的触头系统是影响真空开关开断性能的关键因素之一。.本项目通过实验研究触头间真空电弧形态转变，对真空开关横磁触头间横-纵磁场分量对电弧特性的影响展开研究；建立了横向磁场作用下的电弧运动及阳极动态行为的仿真模型，对不同热流密度下的阳极动态行为进行了分析研究，发现热流密度电弧运动速度、阳极区域的熔化深度和形变量均减小，但阳极区域的加热深度却由于电弧的慢速运动而增加；建立了真空电弧磁流体动力学模型，同时结合实验数据进行分析，验证了仿真结果与电弧连续运动时的平均速度以及已有的仿真研究结果较为一致，且离子数密度的分布与实验拍摄的电弧图像具有良好的吻合度，验证了磁流体动力学模型的合理性。.结合本项目建立的仿真模型及实验结果的分析研究，对杯状横向磁场触头的结构进行了进一步研究改进，并对新设计出的杯状横向磁场触头进行了电磁仿真及实验分析，得到了一种具有合理磁场分布的触头结构设计，该触头设计已申请专利且已获权。通过对本项目研究成果的整理，在国内外知名期刊和会议上发表了21篇学术论文（13篇已被SCI收录；6篇被EI收录）。