船舶直流综合电网多类型电源并联分层多尺度解耦控制及稳定性研究

The ship DC integrated power system has caused high attentions of developed countries such as Europe and America, for its excellent energy saving and working performance. However, the related research in our country is still in its infancy. This project takes the ship integrated DC power grid which involves multi-type power supplies as its research object, and adopts the idea of hierarchical multi-time scale decoupling control. The research on the intelligent coordination control of multi-type power supplies is carried out in three layers, the first is physical layer based on energy dynamic, the second is device layer based on the interconnection of power electronic devices, and the last is the system layer based on energy management. This provides new systematic research ideas and methods for the ship DC power grid technology and so on. The concrete research content is as follows: build the equivalent models of multi-type power supplies and their power conversion devices under the marine environment; with a consideration about parallel coupling characteristic and DC bus voltage stability, study the coordination control method for multi-type power supplies based on time-scale hierarchical decoupling control; combining the feedback linearization control research of hybrid energy storage, build a dynamic power management system to realize the ship economic optimal operation under different working conditions; then analyze the stability of the ship multi-type power supply dynamic network under hierarchical decoupling control method in detail. Finally, by theoretical analysis and semi-physical simulation, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified. The research on this project has laid down theoretical basis for the use of DC power grid and multi-type power supplies in ships, and is of great significance and research values in enhancing the independent research and development capacity of our country's shipbuilding industry.

船舶综合电力系统直流组网技术以其优良的节能和工作性能引起欧美等国家的高度重视，而相关研究在我国尚处于起步阶段。课题以含多能源发电的船舶直流综合电网为对象，采用分层多时间尺度解耦控制思想，从能源动态的物理层到电力装置互联的设备层，再到能量管理的系统层，展开多类型电源智能协调控制研究，为船舶直流组网提供新的系统化研究思路和方法。具体包括：建立船舶环境下各类型能源发电及电能变换的等效数学模型；考虑多电源并联耦合特性及直流母线电压稳定性，研究基于多时间尺度分层解耦的多电源并联控制方法；结合混合储能反馈线性化算法研究，构建以经济优化运行为目标的动态能量管理体系；并详细探讨分层解耦控制下船舶多类型电源动态网络的稳定性；最后通过理论分析和半实物仿真，验证所得理论方法的有效性和优越性。本研究将为直流组网技术及多类型电源在船舶上的应用提供理论依据，对提升我国船舶工业的自主研发能力，具有重要意义和研究价值。

船舶直流组网技术因其优异的节能和工作性能，在工程船舶和内河船舶上的应用近年来得到了飞速发展。随着船舶向多电、全电方向发展，其安全性和可靠性得到了越来越多的关注。本项目以含多类型电源的船舶直流综合电网为研究对象，在充分考虑船舶高载荷比及复杂工况的前提下，详细分析了不同电源的稳态和暂态特性，针对储能、光伏、超级电容等不同类型分布式能源，研究了分层控制体系下各自的电能变换装置及其多模式运行控制方法。针对多电源及其电力装置互联存在的强耦合、环流及功率分配等问题，提出多种基于弱通讯和无通讯的新型协调控制算法，在提高各电源功率分配精度和母线电压稳定性的同时，降低了通讯故障给系统安全带来的隐患。针对推进系统存在的单一无位置传感器算法无法适用于全速度范围永磁同步推进电机控制的问题，采用转子预定位和高频信号注入法提取静止状态下的永磁同步推进电机转子位置，采用I/F流频比法控制其低速工况，并结合低速/中高速切换融合算法，实现了全速度范围永磁推进电机无位置传感器控制功能。最后，针对船舶直流综合电网源-荷系统中电力电子设备的恒功率负载特性、级联特性、控制参数变化等造成的系统不稳定问题，利用小信号建模的方式分析了系统失稳的机理，并分别从源侧和荷侧变换器的角度提出基于有源阻尼策略的稳定控制方法，在不添加额外损耗的基础上，改善系统的动态性能。项目建立了船舶直流综合电网半实物仿真平台，并对所提出的方法分别进行了仿真和实验验证。本项目的研究成果将为船舶综合电力系统直流组网技术的发展和完善，提供重要的理论支撑和技术支持。