世界叶蜂亚科属级阶元系统发育研究

All the species of Tenthredininae distribute in north hemisphere of world. Tenthredininae is the largest subfamily of Tenthredinidae and has very high biodiversity. A total of 1780 species of the subfamily have been described and it is about 31.8% the totall species of Tenthredinidae and 17% of “Symphyta” of Hymenoptera. All the species of the subfamily is phytophagus and some species are intermittent pests of agriculture and forestry. Most species of the subfamily live just in excellent and natural environment and so they are very good and common biological indicators of better environment. However, thre are much confusion in the classification at and above the generic level. Since the end of 19th century, about 20 classification systems have been proposed for the subfamily, but all of them were based on classical taxonomy. There is no any work that were based on cladistic phylogeny or molecular phylogeny of the taxon. This project will probe on and reconstruct the phylogeny of the subfamily based on comparative mophology and molecular data, revise the known genera of Tenthredininae, and try to propose a new classification system of the subfamily based on the phylogenetic analysis of the world genera. Furthermore, a result will be a revision of and a key to world genera of Tenthredininae. The research has important bearing on the systematic entomology and biogeography, and it is also important in the practice of the biodiversity conservation and control of forest pests in east asian region.

叶蜂亚科分布于北半球，种属多样性很高，全世界已知1780种，是膜翅目叶蜂科最大的亚科，占叶蜂科已知种数的31.8%和“广腰亚目”已知种数的17%。全部种类均为植食性，部分种类是农林业间歇性害虫，很多种类仅发生于环境状况优良的区域，是比较常见和重要的环境质量指示生物。该亚科高级阶元系统分类状况十分混乱。十九世纪末以来，已经提出的近20个分类系统都是基于经典分类学研究方法提出的，国内外尚未对该类群进行深入的系统发育研究。本项课题拟基于比较形态数据和部分重要分子序列数据，探讨和推断叶蜂亚科的系统发育过程，修订叶蜂亚科的高级阶元分类系统，厘订叶蜂亚科属级分类，编制世界叶蜂亚科属志和分属检索表。本项研究在叶蜂类昆虫系统学研究领域具有较重要的理论意义，在农林业害虫控制和生物多样性保护领域也具有一定的实践意义。

叶蜂科是膜翅目广腰亚目第一大科，叶蜂亚科是该科的第一大亚科。该亚科的属级系统发育关系存在较多疑难问题，部分大属种类多样性和种间关系极其复杂。本项课题基于比较外部形态特征和关键属种的线粒体全基因组数据和各属代表种类的COI等序列数据，采用支序系统学方法，重建了叶蜂亚科的系统发育关系，并在此基础上，厘订了部分重要属级类群的世界种类。研究结果表明，叶蜂亚科的单系性得到了强支持，叶蜂亚科的姊妹群是巨基叶蜂亚科，这两个亚科一起是平背叶蜂亚科的姊妹群；叶蜂亚科的叶蜂族Tenthredinini支系的单系性也得到强支持，但族内属间关系与传统分类系统有较大差异，广义叶蜂属的范围目前还不能最后确定；钩瓣叶蜂族Macrophyini的单系性也得到较好支持，但钩瓣叶蜂属Macrophya和方颜叶蜂属Pachyperotasis的单系性未得到支持，方颜叶蜂属是钩瓣叶蜂属的内群；凹唇叶蜂族Perineurini、栉鞭叶蜂族 Beldoneini和刻胸叶蜂族 Eriocampini的单系性得到支持，分子数据支持刻胸叶蜂族是叶蜂亚科的基部支系；侧跗叶蜂族 Sioblini和折唇叶蜂族 Sciapterigini单系性未得到支持，这两个族的属间关系尚需要深入研究。本课题还完成了侧跗叶蜂族6属、栉鞭叶蜂族 Beldoneini 3属、狭并叶蜂属 Propodea、瘤角叶蜂属 Tyloceridius等16属的世界种类厘订，完成了钩瓣叶蜂族2属、折唇叶蜂族各属、钝颊叶蜂属 Aglaostigma、合叶蜂属 Tenthredopsis、齿唇叶蜂属 Rhogogaster等9个属的中国种类厘订研究。研究结果澄清了叶蜂亚科的系统发育关系，解决了多个重要属的系统学地位问题，厘清了叶蜂亚科超过一半的属级单元世界种类或中国种类，在叶蜂系统学研究领域具有重要学术意义。