剪切增稠材料的变刚度、变阻尼机理及其隔振抗冲应用研究

The technology requirements of vibration isolation are in contradiction with that of shock isolation for the mechanical major equipments. However, the traditional passive isolation technology can hardly have any effects on resolving this contradiction. The semi-active vibration control method using intelligent materials is becoming an emerging and promising technology. Multidisciplinary research on the key scientific problem of this project, i.e., collaborative design of vibration and shock isolation, is conducted through theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and experimental investigation. By using Shear-Thickening Fluid (STF), a vibration and shock isolator will be formulated. The mechanical mechanism of shear thickening effects is to be explored, the relationship between the STF’s macro mechanic parameters and the vibration and shock isolator’s damping and stiffness characteristics are then to be set up. The influences of the structure and material parameters on the dynamic behaviours of the variable stiffness and variable damping system are to be deeply investigated for the purpose of conducting innovation optimum design of the isolator. To overcome the limitation of classical isolation theory, a hybrid isolation system using SFT for isolation of shock and vibration simultaneously is to be proposed finally. The achievements of this project will enrich the research contents of traditional isolation technology and provide theoretical and technical support for the isolation of shock and vibration. This project has both significant academic and practical meaning.

设备隔振与抗冲击对隔振元件的技术需求相互矛盾，经典的被动隔振技术对此问题的彻底解决无能为力。借助智能材料的振动控制技术是近年来兴起的一个处于学科交叉领域的前沿方向。本项目以“隔振与抗冲协同设计”为核心科学问题，拟基于剪切增稠智能材料研制新型隔振与抗冲元器件，采用理论分析、数值计算和实验验证相结合的研究思路，围绕上述科学问题开展多学科交叉研究，探索剪切增稠效应的力学机理，建立剪切增稠材料宏观力学参数与隔振器阻尼特性、刚度特性之间的关系，揭示结构参数、材料参数对非线性变刚度、变阻尼隔振系统动力学行为的影响规律，开展变阻尼、变刚度隔振抗冲元器件的创新性优化设计，突破经典隔振抗冲理论，发展一种在冲击持续阶段和残余响应阶段同时具有优良性能的振动与冲击复合隔离技术，为综合解决设备的隔振与抗冲击问题提供理论与方法上的积累。课题面向技术需求，且有一定的学术意义。

设备隔振与抗冲击对隔振元件的技术需求相互矛盾，经典的被动隔振技术对此问题的彻底解决无能为力。借助智能材料的振动控制技术是近年来兴起的一个处于学科交叉领域的前沿方向。项目研究了剪切增稠材料的制备、力学模型及粘滞阻尼器的非线性输出特性。明确了材料制备工艺、组份材料物理化学性能对剪切增稠流变性能的影响规律，采用分段幂律流模型建立剪切增稠液的本构模型，基于CFD方法研究阻尼器内部流场，明确几何参数、流变特性对阻尼器动态性能的影响规律。系统研究了剪切增稠阻尼器在振动环境和冲击环境下的动态行为，明确了阻尼器流变参数对隔振-抗冲效果的影响，并进一步优化材料流变参数，为剪切增稠材料的制备和阻尼器结构设计提供有价值的建议。主要结论包括：(1) 在不同的激励幅值条件下，基于剪切增稠流体阻尼器的隔振系统相对于基于剪切稀化流体阻尼器的系统具有更好的隔振性能。(2)在相同的冲击工况下，基于剪切增稠流体阻尼器的系统加速度响应传递率小于基于剪切稀化流体阻尼器的系统。(3) 对特定的隔振抗冲系统，存在最优的粘度系数k2和速度指数α2，以使得系统的隔振-抗冲击性能最优。上述研究成果将为剪切增稠材料设计及相关的器件设计提供有价值的指导作用，为综合解决设备的隔振与抗冲击问题提供理论与方法上的积累。