高频外辐射源雷达基础理论与关键技术

Nowadays, HF over-the-horizon radars available for sea-moving and low-flying detection generally work in active mode. As a very useful supplement of the traditional radar in this frequency band, the project aims at using the increasingly popular short-wave digital broadcasts, explores and develops a new HF passive radar system which exploits these broadcasts as non-cooperative transmitters. Except the natural advantages of the traditional active HF radar, including large radar detecting range, good low-altitude detection performance, countering stealth and anti-radiation missile ability and so on, this new HF radar system also has the remarkable advantages of strong concealment, deployment convenience, low cost, and being suitable for radar network. Basing on the scientific problems of the signal propagation characteristics, detection principles and target information obtain, the main researches of the project are as follows: 1) the non-cooperative digital broadcast’s waveform recognition, reconstruction, and shaping and the radar’s detection parameters optimization 2) the HF non-cooperative waveform’s propagation property analysis and propagation modes utilization and the radar detection performance evaluation, and 3) the new algorithms and the experimental verification for the radar signal and data processing in complex propagation environment. The project will possess important scientific significance on promoting the research of our nation’s special radar systems and the related field. The application results will effectively improve the overall radar detection performance, reduce the research and run cost, increase the radar’s existence ability in war, and supply an important and new detection way for our nation’s long-range early-warning, air defence and maintenance of the sea rights and interests.

现有海面和低空探测用高频超视距雷达多数采用有源主动体制，作为对该频段传统雷达的有益补充，本项目旨在利用日益普及的数字短波广播信号资源，研究与发展一种基于该信号的新体制高频外辐射源雷达。该雷达不仅具有主动高频雷达探测距离远、低空性能好、反隐身、抗反辐射导弹等天然优势，还具有隐蔽性强、易于部署、成本低廉、适合组网等显著优点。项目将针对该信号传播特性、目标探测机理与信息获取等科学难题，重点开展：1）非合作数字短波广播信号的认知、重构、整形与雷达探测参数优化；2）高频外辐射源信号的传播特性分析、传播模式利用与雷达探测性能评估；3）复杂传播条件下雷达信号与数据处理新方法及实验验证。研究成果对于推动我国特种体制雷达及相关领域的研究具有重要的科学意义，其应用成果也将有效提高雷达综合探测性能、降低研制和运行成本、提高雷达战时生存能力，可为我国远程预警、国土防空和海洋权益维护提供一种重要的新型探测手段。

现有海面和低空探测用HF/VHF/UHF雷达多数采用有源主动体制，作为对该频段传统雷达的有益补充，本项目旨在利用日益普及的数字广播信号资源，研究与发展一种基于上述外辐射源的新体制网络化雷达。该雷达除具有该频段传统雷达低空性能好、反隐身、抗反辐射导弹等天然优势外，还具有隐蔽性强、易于部署、成本低廉、适合组网等显著优点。项目围绕多种照射源和多种传播条件下的探测机理与目标信息获取方法等科学难题，重点开展了如下研究：1）非合作数字广播信号的认知、重构、整形与雷达探测参数优化；2）外辐射源信号的传播特性分析、传播模式利用与雷达探测性能评估；3）复杂传播条件下雷达信号与数据处理新方法及实验验证。团队立足国情成功研制多型原理样机并开展了大量外场实验，率先归纳并提出了单/多频网分布式外辐射源雷达新概念，系统研究了单/多频网外辐射源雷达的信息感知理论与方法，形成了较为完善的外辐射源雷达系统设计、信号处理和数据处理的理论体系，突破了外辐射源雷达直达波抑制、参考信号重构、单/多频网解模糊、多目标跟踪与多站信息融合等关键技术，为该新体制雷达技术的应用与发展提供了基础理论支撑。系列成果在国内外权威期刊和学术会议发表论文85篇，申请发明专利21项。在《雷达学报》组织出版了国内首期“外辐射源雷达技术”专刊，得到同行广泛认可。1名毕业博士生入选首批“全国博士后创新人才支持计划”，并获评2017年中国电子学会优秀博士论文。受中国民航局委托，团队连续起草了我国外辐射源雷达低空监视研究进展的多个工作文件并提交给国际民航组织（ICAO）监视专家组会议，这是我国相关成果在ICAO首次报道，提升了我国在航空安全监控领域的国际影响力和话语权。项目研制的 “低空潜哨”样机作为百余参赛产品中唯一辐射源雷达，在军委科技委“无形截击-2018”反无人机挑战赛中获三等奖（一等奖空缺），赛后获科研经费资助；同时应公安部邀请，参加并圆满完成了我国首届国际进口博览会的低空安保任务。