云贵高原园蛛科分类学研究及中国园蛛科部分属的修订

The Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and its adjacent areas has a high biodiversity. No taxonomic research on the spider family Araneidae from central and western part of this region was carried out, so we intend to do taxonomic research on the spider family Araneidae of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. In this study, we will use canopy fogging method, beating method and empty-handed method to collect the orb-weaver spider specimens in several representative nature reserves and the areas where stony desertification occurring seriously in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau. Then identify the specimens by conducting a comprehensive comparative anatomy research on the external genitalia which has a unique significance in spider evolutionary process, supplemented by the arrangement of the tibia spines and by examining the type specimens deposited at home and abroad. And we will use molecular biological methods as assistant method to identify and couple the sympatric similar species. We aimed to describe and publish new araneid taxa, and prepare a complete checklist of the orb-weaver spiders of the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau and reveal the regularities of distribution of them; and combined with previous research results, revised work on some genera of the family Araneidae, such as Neoscona, Larinia and Chorizopes, which mainly distribute in south China will be carried out. further more, we will focus on the biological characteristics of some species which known little at present. This research will lay a solid foundation for the revision work and phylogenetic analysis of the family Araneidae in China in the future.

云贵高原及其周边地区有着丰富的生物多样性。目前，云贵高原中西部的园蛛科蜘蛛分类学研究还处于空白状态，我们拟对云贵高原的园蛛科蜘蛛进行分类学研究。我们将应用冠层喷雾法、振枝法和徒手法等方法广泛采集云贵高原最具代表性的多个自然保护区及石漠化严重地区的园蛛科蜘蛛标本。对外生殖器这一在蜘蛛进化过程中具有独特意义的结构进行全面的比较解剖研究，同时辅以胫节刺等外部形态特征，并通过检阅保存在国内、外的相关模式标本，对标本进行鉴定。对于存在同域分布现象的近似种，则运用分子生物学方法进行辅助鉴定和配对。描述和发表园蛛科新分类阶元，编写完整的云贵高原园蛛科蜘蛛名录并研究其分布规律；同时，结合之前的研究成果，完成对园蛛科中新园蛛属、肥蛛属、壮头蛛属等主要分布于我国南方的属的修订。此外，我们还将对部分种类的生物学特性进行详细的研究。本项研究将为今后对我国园蛛科进行全面的修订和准确的系统发育分析奠定坚实的基础。

于2014年1月至2016年12月对云贵高原所处的贵州、云南、湖南、重庆等省市的的园蛛科蜘蛛进行了比较全面的采集，采集到性成熟园蛛科蜘蛛5346头，经鉴定，云贵高原目前共有园蛛35属152种。采用分子生物学方法，对性二态明显及同域分布的近似种的146个样品进行了COI基因部分序列的测定，用以进行辅助鉴定与配对。对我国园蛛科中的壮头蛛属Chorizopes、类壮头蛛属Chorizopesoides、肥蛛属Larinia、金蛛属Argiope等属进行了修订。通过本项研究，发现园蛛科蜘蛛新属1个(类壮头蛛属Chorizopesoides)，新种20个（白斑壮头蛛，新种Chorizopes albus sp. nov.等）；雌性补充1个：黑纹毛园蛛Eriovixia nigrimaculata Han & Zhu, 2010；雄性补充种7个：凤山园蛛Araneus fengshanensis Zhu & Song, 1994、武隆园蛛Araneus wulongensis Song & Zhu, 1992、凯撒金蛛Argiope caesarea Thorell, 1897、东方类壮头蛛Chorizopesoides orientalis (Simon, 1909)、武陵类壮头蛛Chorizopesoides wulingensis (Yin, Wang & Xie, 1994)、浦那毛园蛛Eriovixia poonaensis (Tikader & Bal, 1981)、景洪新园蛛Neoscona jinghongensis Yin et al., 1990；新组合3个：针肋园蛛，新组合Alenatea acusisetus (Zhu & Song, 1994) comb. nov.、东方类壮头蛛Chorizopesoides orientalis (Simon, 1909) comb. nov. 、武陵类壮头蛛Chorizopesoides wulingensis (Yin, Wang & Xie, 1994) comb. nov.。