西南山区城镇化过程中生态-经济效益损益及优化研究

As the carrier of ecological and social economic activities, urban and rural system changes in the landscape pattern outsides and ecological process, production mode innards and gets profit and loss in the ecology and economy in the process of urbanization. Therefore, the comprehensive understanding of the urbanization process will need to depend on the evaluation of ecological and economic comprehensive benefit. Metropolitan area in Chongqing is chose as an example of rapid urbanization in Southwest Mountain, in the support of multi-source data, the paper has evaluated the landscape of the urbanization process, structure and ecological safety and vulnerability since Chongqing is named as a municipality .Using the method of landscape ecology, ecological economics, industry economics, it realizes unified dimension of the ecological benefit and economic benefit and construct model of profit and loss of comprehensive benefit and analyses characteristics of time and space, it also provides solutions for urbanization health, intensive degree evaluation; With grey linear programming, artificial neural network and cellular automata, it establish comprehensive economic benefit optimization model; taking comprehensive benefit of optimal of urban and rural system as the goal, it optimize landscape pattern of urban and rural system in the future, the model realizes the landscape quantity optimization and space optimization, and it also provides some guidance for health, intensive development of urbanization process of Southwest Mountain in the future .

城乡系统是生态和社会经济活动的载体，城镇化过程中不断发生外在的景观格局、内在的生态过程以及生产活动方式的转变，产生生态-经济效益的损益。城镇化过程的全面认识必需建立在生态-经济综合效益评估的基础上。本研究选取重庆市作为西南山区快速城镇化的典型区，以多源数据为支撑，应用景观生态学、生态经济学等方法，实现了西南山区强异质性城乡系统城镇化过程中生态-经济效益损益的综合评估，探寻了其中蕴含的机制，为山区城镇化过程的健康、集约程度评价提供新的思路和方法；综合灰色线性规划法、人工神经网络、元胞自动机以及景观规划设计方法，建立了基于综合效益最优的西南山区未来城镇化过程中景观优化模型，兼顾了山区城镇化外在景观格局变化导致的生态效益损益以及内在的生产生活方式转变引发的社会了经济效益损益；以城乡系统综合效益最优为目标对研究区未来几十年城乡系统景观格局进行优化，为西南山区新型城镇化发展提供了借鉴。

城镇化健康发展是国家新型城镇化发展的要求，也是生态文明建设的具体体现。城镇化是一个涉及人口学、社会学、经济学、地理学等多学科的系统过程，十分有必要从跨学科角度建立一套综合评价机制，对现阶段城镇化过程中生态、经济效益损益耦合过程进行深入研究。重庆市城镇化过程既具有西南地区的地域性特征又具有典型的山地城市特征。因此本项目选择重庆市作为典型区，建立多时空、多属性的生态、经济参数数据库；分析重庆市城镇化过程中城乡系统景观格局变化及生态环境响应特征；构建重庆市城镇化过程中生态-经济效益损益评价体系并开展综合评估；基于生态经济双重约束条件预测和模拟重庆市未来城镇化过程中的优化景观格局。结果表明：2000-2015 年研究区生态效益、经济效益均呈增加趋势，城镇化扩张主要以占用耕地和林地为主，且占用林地的比例越来越大。不同类型的土地利用景观格局受不同因素影响，不同类型的土地利用景观适应性存在很强的区域性差异，不同情境下各类型土地利用景观面积优化预测的侧重点不同，生态-经济效益最优情境兼顾生态保护与经济发展，在生态效益最优和经济效益最优之间寻求一个最优解。三种不同情境下，耕地面积均出现不同程度的减少，其它地类景观面积的增加多来自耕地转化。本项目研究能够为区域城镇化健康发展，国土空间科学规划提供一定的借鉴。