南海海盆的深部结构和扩张过程的集成研究

The South China Sea Deep (SCSD) Program is planned to reconstruct the tectonic and environmental history of the South China Sea (SCS), making it one of the best-investigated marginal seas. The overarching goal of this Integration Project (2016-18) is to advance our understanding of the fundamental processes of SCS basin evolution, mantle dynamics, and crust accretion. Our overall strategy is to organize a series of community-wide research-related activities that will help to maximize the interactions among research groups/scientists, leading to innovative cross-disciplinary research collaboration. More specifically, we plan to implement three types of community-wide Integration Tasks: (1) Maximize Community-Wide Interactions. We plan to organize a series of special topic symposiums/workshops, working-group meetings, and small working sessions among individual researchers. These activities will help to promote new cross-disciplinary researches. (2) Build a SCS Tectonics/Magmatism Database. This will be the first community-based SCS database focusing on science theme of tectonics and magmatism. The database will include comprehensive data holdings in geophysics, geochemistry, and ocean drill data, with data sources from participating institutions, projects supported by the SCSD, as well as internationally-available data of IODP, NGDC, and MGDS. This new database will facilitate new innovative research. (3) Construct Improved Marginal Basin Conceptual Models. On the basis of recent major progress in investigating the SCS tectonics (IODP Exp. 349 in 2014, deep-tow magnetics, 3D mantle and crustal seismic experiments, scheduled IODP 367/368 in 2017, etc.), we see exciting opportunities for constructing significantly improved conceptual models of marginal sea evolution with the SCS as a classic example. We also plan to organize a number of training courses on the state-of-the-art quantitative modeling approaching, inviting the best international scientists as instructors and aiming at training young scientists and graduate students. It is anticipated the above designed Integration Tasks will significantly facilitate cross-disciplinary collaboration, maximize community interaction, promote innovative conceptual models of marginal sea evolution, and thus make the SCS as one of the best investigated marginal seas.

“南海深部计划”以南海为突破口，探索边缘海盆地演化与运行系统，树立边缘海研究典范。在“构造与岩浆活动”方向，南海深部计划已经支持15个专题项目，获得重要的阶段性成果。本方向中后期研究的重点是开展一系列集成活动，最大程度地促进各项目团队间的交流合作，以求在三大科学问题上取得突破性进展：（1）南海海盆扩张过程、（2）南海海盆的深部结构、（3）南海与全球其他边缘海的异同。本集成项目将建设三个合作创新平台：（1）交流与讨论平台：举办专题论坛与研讨会、整合论文专辑、促进团队间讨论以及协办学术年会等。（2）数据库平台：建立第一个本方向的南海综合数据库，收录南海深部计划支持项目、IODP、NGDC、 MGDS等重要来源的数据，促进创新研究，同时建立集成研究网站。（3）定量模拟平台：促进南海构造与岩浆研究的定量模拟，提高各团队定量模拟能力，举办国际培训班、建设模拟交流平台、促进交叉学科模拟等。

南海是西太平洋规模最大且具有代表性的边缘海盆地之一,是研究西太平洋海陆相互作用、大陆边缘演化与边缘海动力学机制及其资源效应的天然实验室。国家自然科学基金委“南海深海过程演变”重大研究计划（南海深部计划）以南海为突破口，探索边缘海盆地演化与运行系统，树立边缘海研究典范。.近年来，通过南海深部计划与南海国际大洋钻探航次等创新手段，中国科学家们获得了大量宝贵的第一手资料，取得了一系列创新成果与重大突破。本项目领导南海深部计划“构造与岩浆活动”方向的集成研究，总结出五大集成亮点，包括：（1）新提出南海是“板缘张裂”盆地，与经典的大西洋型陆缘模式显著不同；（2）大洋钻探首次获取了南海基底玄武岩样品，结合南海首次深拖地磁测量实验，精确测定了南海海盆玄武岩年龄，揭示南海海盆从东向西分段扩张；（3）大洋钻探结果发现南海陆缘岩石圈减薄之初岩浆迅速出现，未发现缓慢破裂造成的蛇纹岩出露；（4）发现南海扩张结束后仍存在大量岩浆活动，可能受控于多种构造与地幔因素；（5）地球化学证据与地球动力学模拟都显示南海岩浆的形成受到周边俯冲带的影响。.本项目组织了十二次南海构造与岩浆方面的国内外学术研讨会，发表了包括National Science Review、Nature Geoscience、Journal of Geophysical Research在内的国际顶级学术期刊论文，推动了南海构造与岩浆研究走向国际前沿。