基于椭球逆向坐标系的惯导极区格网导航理论研究

The convergence of geographic meridians at the poles makes steering and positioning extremely difficult if not impossible when utilizing conventional inertial navigation systems( INS) during high latitude flights．The polar grid frame mechanization of the inertial navigation system based on sphere inverse coordination system is presented to cope with the above problems. The approximate raplacement of earth ellipsoid by a sphere in polar regions avoids complicated theoretical derivation and calculation at the expense of the formidable principle errors of navigational parameters of inertial system, and also makes the information fusion with other navigation equiments basing on earth ellipsoid. Therefore, acuracy of inertial navigation system is sacrificed. Furthermore, the exsitence research has not effetively comibine the calulating of navigational parameters with the precisely and quickly expressing and using methods of navigational parameters on polar navigational charts, so polar navigation problems can’t be systematically and thoroughly solved. Aimming at the above problems, this project focus on the research of the constrution of new heading datum, methods of inertial navigation system’s frame mechanization and navigational parameters’ calculation, method of polar grid navigation based on ellipsoid inverse coordination system, sysematically and thoroughly solve the problems of the accurately calculating, precisely and fastly expressing and using of navigational parameters which come from inertial naviation systems in polar regions.

为克服经线收敛导致的传统惯导力学编排方案极区无法定位定向的问题，现有研究采用基于球面逆向坐标系的惯导极区格网导航技术。这种方法虽避免了采用椭球面的复杂繁琐的理论推导和计算，却会造成惯导导航参数存在难以克服的原理性误差、且与基于椭球体的其他导航设备难以信息融合，不利于极区精确导航。此外，现有研究重点关注基于椭球逆向坐标系的极区惯导导航参数的解算环节，而与其精确、便捷的表达与使用环节相脱离而孤立研究，不利于系统、透彻、高效地解决极区惯导导航难题。针对上述问题，项目重点研究基于椭球逆向坐标系的极区新航向基准构建、极区惯导导航控制编排和参数解算方法及格网导航方法，以系统解决极区惯导参数高精度解算、准确快捷的表达和使用问题。

北极地区的航运、能源和军事价值日益凸显，解决极区导航问题保证载体在极区的安全活动具有重要的意义。然而极区导航环境非常恶劣，使得惯性导航成为极区导航的核心手段。为克服经线收敛导致的传统惯导力学编排方案极区无法定位定向的问题，现有研究通常采用基于球面逆向坐标系的惯导极区格网导航技术。这种方法虽避免了采用椭球面的复杂繁琐的理论推导和计算，却会造成惯导导航参数存在难以克服的原理性误差、且与基于椭球体的其他导航设备难以信息融合，不利于极区精确导航。此外，现有研究重点关注基于椭球逆向坐标系的极区惯导导航参数的解算环节，而与其精确、便捷的表达与使用环节相脱离而孤立研究，不利于系统、透彻、高效地解决极区惯导导航难题。针对上述问题，项目基于地球椭球模型，从坐标系设计、惯导编排和航行方法三个角度，研究了基于椭球模型的逆向坐标系设计和极区新航向基准构建、极区惯导导航控制编排和参数解算方法及格网导航方法，可为惯导系统实现高精度极区导航提供完整的导航方案。