复杂产品装配偏差累积机理和装配精度预分析技术研究

Assembly precision is one of fundamental factors for products assembly. With the rapid development of advanced technology and extensive usage of new structures and materials, the difficulties of ensuring assembly precision and reliability have increased dramaticly. The prediction and adjustment of assembly precision have become short plate in conducting the design and manufacture of complicated product.Based on the practical problem encountered during the assembly process of precise products, focusing on studying relative theories and methods about assembly precision,the research mainly engages studies concerning regularity on propagation of assembly deviation, computing of geometry variation and predication of assembly precision. In order to solve key problems mentioned above,several innovative theories, including expression of tolerance knowledge and reasoning precision information using ontology and polychromatic theory, searching propagation path of assembly deviation based on variation vector space, analying relative geometry variaiton under constraints of location priority, as well as precision prediction by modeling statistic distribution, are proposed. The outcomes of the research will be applied to develop assembly precision predication system partially used in analizing of complex products assembly and to provide directive theories, methods and tools to insure the assembly accuracy of complex products.

产品装配的根本问题之一是保证装配精度问题，随着高新技术的发展和产品新结构新材料广泛应用，装配精度保障和可靠性问题已越来越突出，装调已成为复杂产品研制和生产中的薄弱环节。本项目从复杂产品的精密装调的实际工程问题出发，系统研究产品装配精度预分析的相关理论和方法，开展装配偏差传递路线推理、几何变动求解、装配精度预测和调整优化等方法和技术研究。提出并利用基于本体论和多色集合理论的公差信息建模，基于变动向量空间的多维方向装配偏差传递路线搜索、定位优先级约束下的几何相对变动求解、基于统计学模型的装配精度预测等方法来解决上述关键问题，开发复杂产品装配精度预分析软件系统并开展局部应用或验证，为复杂产品装配精度保障提供新的理论、方法和工具。

随着机械系统的复杂化、精密化趋势越来越显著，装配精度问题已经成为产品开发过程中的关键性问题。本项目从复杂机械产品精密装调的实际工程问题出发，系统研究了产品装配精度预分析的相关理论和方法，从几何误差评定、装配偏差传递路线推理、几何变动求解、装配精度预测以及调整优化等方面，提出了基于本体论和多色集合理论的公差信息建模方法，解决了公差设计过程中的规范性问题；提出了基于三维凸包的几何误差评定方法，解决了基于实测值的几何误差评定问题；提出了基于变动向量空间的多维方向装配偏差传递路线搜索、定位优先级约束下的几何相对变动求解及基于统计学模型的装配精度预测，解决了装配偏差传递路线推理及装配精度预测问题；提出了基于小生境粒子群的公差优化方法，解决了装调优化问题；基于上述理论研究，开发了复杂产品装配精度预分析软件系统并开展了局部应用或验证，为复杂产品装配精度保障提供了新的理论、方法和工具。