动水条件下浅水湖泊底泥中壬基酚的环境行为及影响机制

Water pollution caused by emerging contaminants becomes increasingly severe in China. Nonylphenol, as a typical emerging contaminant, is the primary raw material for synthesis of nonionic surfactant nonylphenol polyoxymethylene ether, which is widely used in papermaking, textile, plastics and detergent industries. In addition to its carcinogenesis, teratogenesis and mutagenesis, nonylphenol is also endocrine disrupting chemicals like estrogen. Therefore, the ecological risks of nonylphenol in aquatic environment through transport and transformation should be paid more attention. Series of studies on environmental behaviors of nonylphenol in static waters or in single environmental media have been reported. However, the multi-media partition and degradation of nonylphenol are significantly affected by hydrodynamic conditions due to the coexistence of hydrophilic and hydrophobic groups. The fate and risks of nonylphenol in nature water bodies can be hardly illuminated and predicted according to the results obtained from hydrostatic conditions. In this study, sediment resuspension process will be simulated based on measured characteristics of natural waters. Key factors affecting the environmental behavior of nonylphenol will be identified from the view of hydrodynamics. Fluxes of transport and transformation of nonylphenol during sediment resuspension would be quantified. The micro-interface process of nonylphenol in shallow lake sediments during resuspension would be revealed as well. The results should supplement the scientific knowledge to study environmental behavior and ecotoxicology of analogous type of alkylphenol organic pollutants in shallow lakes.

我国河湖水体面临的新型污染物问题日益严峻。壬基酚作为合成非离子表面活性剂壬基酚聚氧乙烯醚的主要原料，在造纸、纺织、塑料和清洗剂等行业被广泛大量使用。壬基酚不仅具有“三致”毒性，还可以模拟雌激素产生内分泌干扰效应，进入水环境后会随着迁移转化产生各种生态风险。目前针对静水和单一水环境介质中壬基酚的环境行为已开展了一定的研究，但由于壬基酚存在两种极性官能团，其多介质分配和降解受水动力影响较大，静水研究结果难以阐明实际水体壬基酚环境归趋及风险效应。本研究基于自然水体环境特征，模拟沉积物再悬浮过程，从水动力学角度解析影响壬基酚水环境行为的关键因子，量化沉积物再悬浮过程壬基酚的迁移转化通量，揭示浅水湖泊沉积物中壬基酚再悬浮的环境微界面过程，为预测同类型烷基酚类有机污染物在浅水湖泊中的环境行为及其生态毒理效应提供科学依据。

我国河湖水体面临的新型污染物问题日益严峻。以壬基酚（NP）为代表的烷基酚类和固醇类化合物不仅具有“三致”毒性，还可以模拟雌激素产生内分泌干扰效应，进入水环境后其分配和降解受水动力影响较大，会随着迁移转化产生各种生态风险。本研究以西太湖流域与东太湖主要水源地为研究区域，在不同水情时期针对3种典型酚类内分泌干扰物（EDCs）和4种固醇类EDCs进行监测分析，探明了研究区域内EDCs在水相、悬浮颗粒相和沉积物相的多介质分配特征和环境行为，揭示了浅水湖泊沉积物中酚类EDCs和雌固醇类EDCs的雌激素效应风险。基于自然水体环境特征，控制再悬浮模拟试验水动力条件，结合原位监测和数值计算，解析沉积物中壬基酚水环境行为的影响机制，初步揭示了沉积物再悬浮的释放通量和环境微界面过程。该项目研究结果为烷基酚类有机污染物在浅水湖泊中的环境行为及其生态毒理效应提供科学依据。