城镇化社区信仰景观的缓压效应与恢复性环境导控研究

The mental stress caused by environment inadaptation is a prominent problem for the people who leaves the native land away, and the insufficient stress relief effect affordance of public space is the main cause of such mental stress. The research on restorative environment such as Green Parks and Healing Gardens has made a few achievements. Meanwhile, the cognition and application of psychological intervention into community spiritual landscape are comparatively weak, although most of the scholars have approved the function of them. .The community spiritual landscape environment in the background of fast urbanization is recommended as the Object of the study, and the restorative environmental requirement of mental stress relief from the community people who leaves the native land away is recommended as the breakthrough point of the study. Firstly, processing the community spiritual landscape and the testers’ essential data, and collecting the psychological and physiological dynamic parameters of the testers when they are experiencing the community spiritual landscape environment by applying environment-stress association test. Then to integrate an environmental stress relief Data Set with geographic information. After statistical analysis, to reveal the performance, characteristics and laws that the community spiritual landscape responds to the crowd stress relief. Secondly, to propose the restorative environmental improvement theory, methods and technical system by Virtual Reality environmental adjustment and practical program testing. The study, especially the methods it applies and the results it reveals to promote the mental health of the crowd who leaves the native land away by living the community landscape remains, is a valuable reference for the relevant or similar studies.

环境不适所导致的精神压力是城镇化社区离土人群面临的突出问题，而公共空间缓压效能的可供性不足是产生精神压力的重要原因。相对于城市公园绿地、康复花园等恢复性环境研究成果的丰硕，社区信仰景观具有泛宗教的心理干预属性是学界共识，但认知和运用其规律的相关本土研究较弱。.本课题以快速城镇化社区信仰景观为研究对象，以社区离土人群缓解精神压力的恢复性环境需求为切入点；在社区信仰景观和离土人群基础数据梳理的基础上，选取试验点通过环境－压力关联测试采集离土人群体验社区信仰景观的心理、生理等动态参数，集成附带地理信息的环境缓压数据集；通过统计分析揭示社区信仰景观响应离土人群缓压需求的绩效、特征和规律；基于虚拟现实环境调适和实践项目检验，提出社区信仰景观恢复性环境的导控理论、设计方法和技术体系，在活化社区信仰景观遗存的基础上促进离土人群心理健康，其方法与成果可为同类研究借鉴。

本研究以城镇化社区的信仰景观为研究对象，以其构建社区信仰空间格局和缓解居民精神压力的环境需求为切入点，构建了城镇化社区信仰景观的理论研究体系，研究的主要内容和成果包括：（1）在调研分析方面，通过信仰景观与传统聚落图底互嵌的形态学分析，发现了信仰景观在传统聚落社会生态格局中的主体作用；基于土地利用的共现分析，揭示出信仰景观场域消解与城镇化程度和土地混合度程度正相关，表征为宗教用地点度中心度和中介性下降；基于田野调查和访谈的调研发现，城镇化社区信仰景观场域呈现出场域失落、场域移植、场域颠覆、场域再生等异化现象；（2）在实验实证方面，基于主观偏好评价和眼动追踪分析发现，信仰景观对实验组和对照组都具有恢复性效应，因沉浸效应的作用城镇化社区居民表现更优，即更容易的视觉信息编码，以及更大的视觉探索范围；在视声组合的信仰景观恢复性排序方面，自然属性声景的恢复性效能大于人工属性声景，不论是积极声景还是消极声景，视声环境的匹配性是被试关注信仰景观环境要素的关键。本项目研究解决了信仰景观环境恢复性感受难以客观测量的问题，并找出了影响社区居民恢复性感知的关键景观要素，成果对城镇化社区信仰景观环境的改善和提升提供了数据支撑和设计参考。