基于石墨烯材料的可调控太赫兹阵列天线的设计与实现

The terahertz technology has competitive superiorities in the applications of national defense, medicine and astronomy etc., and has become one of the most important frontier technologies in the world. The lack of effective devices that can control terahertz radiations freely still is one of the bottlenecks in the development of terahertz technology. With the attractive properties of flat profile, high efficiency and flexible design, array antenna structures offer a new candidate for constructing the components for terahertz beamsteering and beamforming. By combing the electrically controllable material properties of graphene film with the array antenna structures, this project will design and realize the active reconfigurable terahertz array antennas based on graphene films. The following research is included in the project. 1, Obtain the electromagnetic properties of prepared graphene films in the THz-TDS systems under the condition that the films are excited by voltage bias and photoexcitation; 2, Design, simulate and optimize the graphene-based array element whose scattering coefficients are electrically adjusted by the biased voltage and photoexcitation, as well as the array antenna structure composed of the array elements with designed functions; 3, Fabricate the samples, design the measurement system, and measure the sample to reveal the performance of the designed terahertz array antenna. The contribution of the project will promote the developing process of terahertz technology in the applications of broadband communication, radar, and biomedical imaging of our country.

太赫兹技术在国防、医疗、天文等诸多领域具有独特的应用优势，已发展成为当前世界上一项极为重要的前沿技术。能对太赫兹波进行有效控制的器件的缺乏是当今太赫兹技术发展面临的瓶颈之一。阵列天线结构具有平面、高效、设计灵活等优点，为太赫兹波束控制和波束赋形器件的设计和实现提供了新思路。本项目将石墨烯薄层与阵列天线结构相结合，设计并实现基于石墨烯薄层材料的动态可调控太赫兹阵列结构天线。主要完成以下研究: 1. 在太赫兹时域光谱仪（THz-TDS）系统中，对处于偏置电压和光激条件下的石墨烯薄层进行测量，得到其动态可调电磁参数及变化规律；2. 设计、仿真并优化基于石墨烯薄层的动态可调控太赫兹阵列阵元，以及由阵元排布而成、具有特定波束控制功能的阵列天线；3. 加工实验样品，搭建实验平台，测量阵列结构天线的各项性能指标。本项目的完成将推动我国太赫兹技术在超高速超宽带通信、雷达扫描、生物医学成像等领域的发展。

被称为电磁波谱“空隙”的太赫兹波及其相关技术，近年来已在物质特征谱分析、安全检测、医学成像、超宽带超高速通信、军事雷达等领域得到了广泛应用。同时，太赫兹技术在未来6G时代将发挥关键作用也已成为全球共识。在各种太赫兹器件和技术中，对太赫兹波的方向、大小、极化、相位等特性按照需要进行自由控制是太赫兹发展面临的瓶颈之一。本课题旨在太赫兹频段内设计并实现基于石墨烯材料的动态可调控阵列天线,并对太赫兹波的极化控制、幅度调控、传感等技术做理论探索。具体来说，本课题研究了三个方面的内容：（1）石墨烯薄层在太赫兹频段内的电磁参数，以及在外部偏置电场的作用下电磁参数的电控特性,并通过THz-TDS系统获取石墨烯材料的电磁参数；（2）基于石墨烯太赫兹阵列天线结构及其动态控制电路的设计、优化；（3）基于人工电磁电磁单元，对太赫兹波的传感、超宽带吸收、极化方向控制等技术做了理论探索。这些研究成果可被应用于超高速超宽带空间通信、生物医学成像、物质的波谱探测与分析、安全检查、材料测量等领域，将填补太赫兹技术领域内具有动态扫描能力阵列天线方面的空白，为我国今后开展太赫兹动态扫描阵列研究、取代波束指向机械控制方式、太赫兹传感、极化控制等，提供重要的理论和实验依据，将对我国太赫兹技术的发展产生重要的推动意义。