高速大电流条件下摩擦电弧的动态行为研究

As the relative sliding speed and current density increases, as well the requirement of high reliability improves, the effects of arc on the tribo-electric behavior of pairs under high speed and large current, become stronger and stronger, However, it is difficult to be measured because of its dynamic, accident and coupling with others. It has become one of fundamental problems demanding prompt solution in the field of traffic, electric power, communications and cybernation. It can be solved by investigating the effects of arc on the dynamic tribo-electric behaviors at high sliding speed and large current. Basing on these effects, this project focuses on observing the shape of the arc, searching suitable characteristic parameters, and analyzing the relationship between the arc parameters and tribo-electric behaviors. Furthermore, it also involves setting up dynamic relationship between arc parameters and counterpart materials, tribological parameters, environmental conditions, electric quality and tribology behaviors. The arc starting condition, arcing condition, and the dynamic effects of arc on friction and wear at high speed and large current will also be investigated. Based on the above work, the theory will be provided for inhibiting the arc starting and burning during the tribo-electric tribology.

随着相对滑动速度的提高，传导电流密度的增大和可靠性要求的提高，电弧对高速大电流密度载流摩擦的影响越来越大，由于此影响与其它作用的耦合，并具有动态性、随机性，这种影响难以测量，分析。电弧对高速大电流密度载流摩擦的影响及动态关联关系已成为解决我国交通、电力、通信和控制等运用高速大电流密度载流摩擦副领域急需解决的基础问题之一。本项目拟以电弧对高速大电流密度载流摩擦的影响为主线，观察载流摩擦条件下电弧的形态，寻找电弧可表征参数，分析电弧可表征参数与其对高速大电流密度载流摩擦影响，建立电弧与配副材料、摩擦磨损参数、环境条件、载流质量和摩擦磨损特性之间的动态作用关联关系，研究基于高速载流摩擦条件下的电弧的起弧条件，燃弧条件及电弧对摩擦磨损的动态影响，并在此基础上，提出抑制载流摩擦中电弧产生和燃烧的理论依据。

电弧是滑动摩擦过程中影响材料磨损的主要因素，研究电弧对高速大电流密度载流摩擦的影响及动态关联关系已成为解决我国交通、电力、通信和控制等运用高速大电流密度载流摩擦副领域急需解决的基础问题之一。本项目采用高速摄影机观察了滑动摩擦过程中电弧的形态及电弧形成、发展和湮灭过程，研究了电弧与载流摩擦磨损性能和载流质量的相互关系，采用电弧光强和电弧燃弧率、电弧能量、电弧面积等作为表征参数表征电弧特性，研究了电弧面积对电弧能量及摩擦磨损性能的影响，建立了电弧与材料摩擦磨损特性的动态关系，分析了电流强度、速度和载荷对燃弧率的作用规律；研制了单点接触载流摩擦电弧试验机,在该试验机上研究了不同极性下载流摩擦电弧的形成和烧蚀机理，提出了单个电弧运动模型，研究了载流摩擦条件下电弧对材料的损伤形式，提出了抑制摩擦电弧产生的技术途径和措施。项目完成了载流摩擦学方面专著1部，发表论文13篇，其中SCI、Ei 5篇，申请发明专利2件，培养博士生、硕士生6名，按计划完成了研究目标，研究结果可为高速大电流摩擦副的合理设计及运用提供理论依据和技术支撑。