含氯有机废料资源化处理的基础研究

The treatment of wastes has become one of the most important concerns of modern society. In the case of waste plastics chemical recycling, PVC (polyvinyl chloride) materials cause various problems. In the current paper，the characteristics of PVC pyrolysis dechlorination has been studied in a fixed bed reactor under different operating conditions such as temperature, time and heating rate. The pyrolysis dechlorination of PVC was studied by using thermogravimetric technique. The kinetic parameters such as activation energies, reaction orders and preexponential factors under nitrogen atmosphere were calculated by applying various integral and differential methods. A kinetic model for the thermal dechlorination of PVC has also been developed. Pressurized hydrolysis dechlorination behavior of PVC has been studied in an autoclave reactor under different operating conditions such as hydrolysis temperature, reaction time and alkali concentration in order to develop new feed stock recycle of PVC. It was found that the hydrolysis dechlorination process is an effective dechlorination method.Through the discussion of PVC pyrolysis and hydrolysis dechlorination mechanism, it was found that the dechlorination undergoes different mechanism. The pyrolysis process precedes zip-reaction mechanism and the hydrolysis precedes ion-mechanism. It can be concluded from test results that the hydrolysis process have advantages over the thermal decomposition of PVC..

含氯有机废料的数量日益增多，一般方法不能有效处理，开发资源化处理技术乃当务之急。本课题将环境化学与化学工程相结合，重点研究它们在热解、水解和氢解中的变化、各种工艺条件影响、脱氢机理和反应动力学等，将为该技术开发提供坚实的理论基础和必要的工艺数据，所得气态和液态烃可作为化工原料或能源，实现氯的循环，为可持续发展作贡献