黔西南高砷煤矿区环境重金属污染特征

Pollution characteristics of heavy metals(Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、As) pollution in typical high-arsenic coal mining area from Southwest Guizhou province will be studied. Researched on heavy metal pollution level and pollution characteristics in different pollution types of soils through the analysis of the content and form of heavy metal elements, on the basis of the risk assessment pollution in the mining area, revealing heavy metals pollution source and characteristics of typical pollution in the mining area soils. The ecological toxicity of heavy metals on crops will be researched through selecting the typical contaminant soil and the local representative crop species, and the characteristic of compound pollution of heavy metals will be analyzed. Different diet intake of heavy metals to the human will be ascertained, theirs exposure to the human the potential health risks and they can affect the health of local residents. The wasted lands arsenic resistant plants will be preliminary screened for the vegetation restoration, through the field investigation and analysis of heavy metal content in the mining area soils and plants. The heavy metals pollution will be controled in the mine area and the result will provides some references for the vegetation restoration.

以黔西南典型高砷煤矿区环境重金属（Pb、Cd、Cr、Cu、Hg、As）污染为研究对象，研究矿区不同污染类型土壤重金属污染水平及污染特征,通过重金属元素的含量和形态分析,在对该矿区污染情况进行风险评价的基础上,揭示矿区土壤重金属元素的污染来源和污染特征,选取典型污染土壤及当地代表性作物（薏苡）研究其对作物的生态毒性,探讨重金属复合污染的特征，并给当地居民提出栽培种植的建议，尽可能降低矿区重金属污染对栽培作物的影响从而降低其对人体健康的风险。探明矿区居民通过不同饮食方式摄入的重金属暴露接触对人体的潜在健康风险以及对当地居民健康的影响。通过对矿区进行野外调查和分析土壤和植物体内重金属含量，初步筛选出适合本矿区废弃地植被恢复的耐砷优势植物，为该矿区的重金属污染治理及植被恢复提供参考依据。

高砷煤矿区环境影响趋势越来越严重，当地居民地砷病人数仍然呈上升趋势，为阻止重金属尤其砷污染蔓延是一项针对性极强的研究工作。本项目选择黔西南典型高砷煤矿区环境重金属污染为研究对象，研究矿区不同污染类型土壤重金属污染水平及污染特征，通过重金属元素的含量和形态分析,在对该区污染情况进行评价的基础上，揭示矿区土壤重金属元素的污染来源和污染特征；对矿区农田土壤—粮食作物系统重金属关联特征及风险进行了评价研究；对矿区村寨地表灰层重金属风险进行了评价研究；对矿区附近居民进行了健康风险调查，采集人体生物材料样本，分析了人体生物材料中重金属污染对当地居民身体健康影响程度；同时研究矿区重金属耐性植物尤其是耐砷优势植物的积累特征，筛选出具有一定研究价值的适合本矿区植被恢复的优势植物。