环形堰竖井泄洪洞自调流掺气与旋流增压机理研究

The study of newly type of eco-friendly interior energy dissipaters for sluice structure is the trend and research focuses of flood discharge and energy dissipation of high dams. To overcome the limitations such as commonly vortices in inlet, air explosion, structure vibration and complicated cavitation control measures of vortex drop shaft spillway with morning-glory intake or classical spiral inlet structure, a novel shaft spillway which consists of submersible and spiral-flow-generated piers and morning-glory weir is developed. Compared with the traditional morning glory shaft spillways, such newly interior energy dissipater has much difference in the hydraulic characteristics such as vortex flow and corrosion resistance mechanism. . In order to ensure the spillway under the safe discharging water condition, carefully understanding various stages and flow behavior of the spillway is necessity and a meaningful research topic. This project focuses on several emergent issues of the proposed novel shaft spillway such as self-adjusting and aeration mechanism and hydraulic properties. By means of theoretical analysis, numerical simulation and model testing, the study aims to recoginize the flow mechanism (including flow swirling mechanism under different weir water head),reveal the rule (the development law of boundary layer of vertical shaft and charactersitics calculation),determine and establish a design methods (combination types and performance evaluation including the novel vortex drop shaft spillway and deep hole). It hopes to promote the development of related subjects and provide technical support and a reference for the large hydraulic and hydroelectric projects.

生态环境友好型的洞内旋流内消能工是当前高坝大库泄洪消能领域一个重要的研究热点。为克服以螺旋型经典涡室或传统喇叭形堰构成的旋流竖井泄洪洞易出现的漩涡、气爆、振动、防空蚀设施复杂等难题，改变传统防漩、消涡观念，提出一种新型的由自调流潜水起旋墩为核心构成的旋流环形堰竖井泄洪洞，虽脱胎于常规喇叭形竖井泄洪洞，但在泄洪洞流态和消能防蚀机理上又另辟蹊径。. 项目围绕新型的环形堰竖井泄洪洞中亟待探明的防蚀消能机理、规律与安全控制问题，借助现代高新量测手段，通过理论、试验和数模相结合，尝试识别潜水起旋墩高低水位下自调节流量与环形堰旋流增压自掺气机理，揭示旋流竖井边界层的发展演化规律，初步凝练出不同边界及泄流条件下具有普遍性的旋流泄洪组合型式（特别是兼有深孔连接的旋流竖井）设计方法。项目不仅有利于巩固行业相关学科的主导地位，也为环境友好的旋流泄水建筑物设计和运行提供科学依据。

生态环境友好型的洞内旋流内消能工是当前高坝大库泄洪消能领域一个重要的研究热点。为克服以螺旋型经典涡室或传统喇叭形堰构成的旋流竖井泄洪洞易出现的漩涡、气爆、振动、防空蚀设施复杂等难题，改变传统防漩、消涡观念，提出一种新型的由自调流潜水起旋墩为核心构成的旋流环形堰竖井泄洪洞，虽脱胎于常规喇叭形竖井泄洪洞，但在泄洪洞流态和消能防蚀机理上又另辟蹊径。. 项目围绕新型的环形堰竖井泄洪洞中亟待探明的防蚀消能机理、规律与安全控制问题，借助现代量测手段，通过理论、试验和数模相结合，尝试识别潜水起旋墩高低水位下自调节流量与环形堰旋流增压自掺气机理，揭示旋流竖井边界层的发展演化规律，初步凝练出不同边界及泄流条件下具有普遍性的旋流泄洪组合型式（特别是兼有深孔连接的旋流竖井）设计方法。. 对新型环形堰竖井泄洪洞进水口、旋流泄洪洞、出口的复杂水流运动进行了三维数值模拟，并对部分水力参数的特性进行了解析计算，获得了该新体型旋流空腔流态、自由水面、合成流速、压力等水力要素的分布规律。提出了旋流环形堰流量系数的计算公式、竖井水层合成速度和厚度解析计算公式。计算得到的水力学要素分布规律与模型测量值吻合较好，模拟值与建立的新体型水力特性理论解析值较为接近，表明解析计算方法具有实用价值。模拟计算结果为进一步明晰新型环形堰竖井泄洪洞各部分水流特性和揭示自调节潜水起旋墩的旋流运动机理提供依据。建立了含深水孔旋流环形堰竖井泄洪洞的设计理论方法。成果被广东清远抽水蓄能电站、安徽桐城抽水蓄能电站竖井泄洪洞工程采用，成效显著。项目不仅有利于巩固行业相关学科的主导地位，也为环境友好的旋流泄水建筑物设计和运行提供科学依据。