通风空调管道内"积尘伴生真菌"生长及释放规律基础研究

The fungi accumulated dust in ventilation and air conditioning ducts has been closely linked to indoor environment quality and occupants’ health. So far as I know，the deposition dust in ventilation and air conditioning ducts was the main focus in the former literature and regulation, while the unique biological activity and propagation for the accumulated fungi were ignored. The accumulated dust fungi not only causes serious damage to human health, but it is also a variety of diseases, such as legionella disease, SARS, etc. transmission carrier, further threat to the indoor environment.The growth and diffusion mechanism foraccumulated dust fungi in ventilation and air conditioning ducts are intended to be investigated by field measurement, theoretical analysis and model experiments. The main research contents are listed as follows: (1) The mechanism of effect of ventilation airflow parameters，deposition dust and boundary conditions of ducts on growth-metabolic for accumulated dust fungi;(2) The growth model of accumulated dust fungi in the ventilation and air conditioning ducts; (3) The mechanism of suspension-releasing for fungi spore in ventilation and air conditioning ducts;(4) Culturability, viability, and size distribution for the fungi spore in ventilation and air conditioning ducts. The study aims to explore the actual contamination levels and coupling process for the fungi accumulated dust in ventilation and air conditioning ducts. Furthermore, the research results in this study could provide the basis to predict, evaluate, control the fungi accumulated dust contamination in ventilation and air conditioning ducts and protect occupants' health.

通风空调管道内积尘伴生真菌污染问题与室内空气质量和人体健康密切相关。目前相关规范和文献中较多关注通风空调管道内积尘污染相关问题，往往忽略其伴生真菌的生物活性和易传播特性。积尘伴生真菌不仅本身严重危害人体健康，同时又是多种疾病（如军团菌病、SARS等）传播载体，进一步威胁室内环境安全。本项目拟通过理论分析、模型实验和现场实测相结合的方法系统研究通风空调管道内积尘伴生真菌生长及释放规律。其研究内容为：(1)通风气流参数、积尘量等边界条件对积尘伴生真菌生长-代谢定量影响；（2）通风空调管道内积尘伴生真菌生长-代谢模型；（3）通风空调管道内积尘伴生真菌孢子悬浮-释放规律；(4)积尘伴生真菌可培养率、活性率及真菌孢子粒径谱分布。本项目旨在探索通风空调管道内积尘伴生真菌生长扩散规律及积尘伴生耦合污染过程特性，从而为准确预测、评估、控制通风空调管道内积尘伴生真菌污染和保护人体健康提供科学依据。

通风空调管道内积尘伴生真菌污染问题与室内空气质量和人体健康密切相关。目前相关规范和文献中较多关注通风空调管道内积尘污染相关问题，往往忽略其伴生真菌的生物活性和易传播特性。积尘伴生真菌不仅本身严重危害人体健康，同时又是多种疾病（如军团菌病、SARS等）传播载体，进一步威胁室内环境安全。本项目拟通过理论分析、模型实验和现场实测相结合的方法系统研究通风空调管道内积尘伴生真菌生长及释放规律。本研究选取两套中央空调系统作为研究对象，对空调机组过滤网表面、表冷器表面以及送风管表面进行了现场测试，确定了不同测试部位的积尘伴生真菌多样性组成，明确了各部位真菌的优势种属及含量，并对通风空调系统的污染程度和清洗效果进行评价；搭建可控气流参数空调管道模型实验台，进行空调管道积尘伴生真菌的生长规律实验，明确了温度、相对湿度、管道材料、生长时间对真菌生长的影响程度，探究空调实际运行条件下抑制真菌生长繁殖的最佳环境条件；基于上述实验结果，分别采用Logistic方程、Gompertz方程以及平方根方程，拟合空调管道积尘伴生真菌在不同环境条件下的一级和二级生长预测模型。研究不同生长预测模型的拟合效果随外界环境改变的变化情况，验证不同模型的可行性和准确性，选取最优的真菌生长模型，以预测空调实际运行条件下积尘伴生真菌污染的变化情况。通过模型实验台，借助高速摄像机成像技术，捕获了沉积在管道底面的微生物颗粒发生悬浮的动态过程，对比分析出了通风管道内微生物颗粒在气流作用下发生悬浮的主要形式，得出主要悬浮形式为滚动悬浮的结论。并通过CFD数值模拟，结合欧拉-拉格朗日模型，得出了在不同温度、相对湿度、管道表面粗糙度和风速下，不同颗粒粒径的悬浮率随时间的变化规律。本项目旨在探索通风空调管道内积尘伴生真菌生长扩散规律及积尘伴生耦合污染过程特性，从而为准确预测、评估、控制通风空调管道内积尘伴生真菌污染和保护人体健康提供科学依据。