覆膜对滴灌马铃薯田间土壤水热传输的影响机理及模拟

As water resources are in severe shortage in China, how to develop potato growing which consumes low water and increase the potato yield, quality, and water use efficiency is a scientific problem in urgent need to be solved. This study will reveal the effects of film mulch on soil water and heat transport in potato field under drip irrigation. By monitoring soil water and heat conditions in potato field at each potato growth stage and measuring the potato physical growth parameters, the spatial and temporal distributions of soil water and heat in potato field and its effects on potato growth will be explicit. Moreover, the mutual feedback mechanism between soil water and heat distribution and potato growth will be illuminated. The model of soil water and heat transport in potato field under drip irrigation with film mulch will be developed to quantify the transport processes regulated by the film mulch. According to the quantitative analysis, a regulating method for providing appropriate soil water and heat conditions in potato field for potato growth will be proposed. This study will contribute to increase potato yield, quality, and water use efficiency. In addition, this study will be an enrichment of the theory of soil water and heat transport in potato field under drip irrigation with film mulch and provide scientific basis for regulating soil water and heat conditions in potato field with film mulch.

我国水资源严重短缺，如何发展低耗水的马铃薯种植模式，同时又提高马铃薯产量品质和水分利用效率是亟待解决的科学问题。本研究以揭示覆膜对滴灌马铃薯田间土壤水热传输的影响机理为主线，通过对马铃薯各生育期田间土壤水热状况的监测及生理生长的测量，研究不同覆膜条件下马铃薯田间土壤水热时空分布规律及其作物生长动态响应机理，探明田间土壤水热时空分布与马铃薯生理生长的互馈机制。在此基础上，构建覆膜滴灌马铃薯田间土壤水热传输综合模型，定量分析覆膜对马铃薯田间土壤水热传输过程的影响，提出适宜马铃薯生长的覆膜滴灌马铃薯田间土壤水热环境调控方法。预期成果将有助于提高马铃薯的产量品质和水分利用效率；同时还可以丰富覆膜滴灌马铃薯田间土壤水热传输理论，为覆膜滴灌马铃薯田间土壤水热环境的调控方法提供科学依据。

覆膜滴灌已被广泛应用于马铃薯种植，但是有关东部地区覆膜对滴灌马铃薯田间土壤水热传输及其生长的影响机制的研究缺乏。本项目在山东省日照市中国农业大学特色马铃薯优质高产试验示范基地进行田间试验，对马铃薯田间土壤水热状况进行了监测，测量了马铃薯各项生理生长指标，研究了覆膜和湿润比对滴灌马铃薯田间土壤水热运移及其生长的影响机理，通过模型模拟了马铃薯土壤水热运移。项目揭示了覆膜对滴灌马铃薯田间土壤水热时空分布及其生长的影响机制，发现马铃薯生育前期透明膜覆盖0-70cm土层土壤平均温度比黑膜覆盖和不覆膜覆盖分别提高1.7oC和2.0oC，山东地区不同覆膜处理间马铃薯产量均未呈现显著性差异。明确了不同湿润比对滴灌马铃薯土壤水热运移及马铃薯生长的影响规律，发现土壤温度随着湿润比增大而降低，灌水处理马铃薯产量较不灌水处理增产16-25%，具有显著性差异。基于HYDRUS-2D模型模拟了覆膜滴灌马铃薯田间土壤水热运移，模型模拟土壤水分和土壤温度的RMSE分别为0.02-0.039cm3/cm3和0.76-1.95oC。项目成果可以为覆膜滴灌马铃薯土壤水热环境调控方法提供科学依据，对于覆膜滴灌马铃薯种植的推广和应用具有重要的实践意义。