车联网环境下车流自组织机理及对干线道路通行能力影响研究

Improving the traffic capacity of urban arterial roads can efficiently ease traffic congestion of road networks and the environment of arterial roads are more complicated than those of urban branch roads or freeway. The vehicle platoons formed by vehicular flow self-organization can make great use of the road infrastructure and traffic control strategies. Vehicle flow self-organization mechanism transfers individual vehicles into flexible platoons to achieve continuous vehicles transiting quickly and efficiently. Connected vehicle-based technologies make those two conditions possible by information interaction of V2V and V2I: (1) the common individual vehicles achieve vehicle flow self-organization and then form into vehicle platoons; (2) the traffic capacity of existing road infrastructures will be improved by dynamic evolution of vehicle platoons. This project will study on the vehicle flow self-organization mechanism and its impact on traffic capacity in urban arterial roads under the connected vehicle environment. Making use of vehicle kinetic models, micro- or macro-traffic simulation, and driving simulation experiments, those of the self-organization of vehicle group behavior, the impact characteristics between vehicle platoons and adjacent vehicles, and the multi-component traffic flow models will be revealed to achieve the maximum traffic capacity based on optimal vehicle platoon formation and split strategies. The results of this project can be applied in several applications of traffic planning and operation, traffic control and information service to improve the quality of service (QoS) and the level of fine management of traffic system. This project will be helpful for finding novel ways to improve traditional traffic planning and operation methods.

提升城市干线道路通行能力为缓解路网交通拥堵起着关键性作用，其相应的道路环境相比于城市支路或高速路更具复杂性。车流自组织能有效地利用道路基础设施和交通控制策略，将若干个体车辆组成柔性车队，实现连续车辆的快速、高效通行。车联网技术通过实现车-车、车-路信息交互，使以下条件成为可能，其一是道路上普通个体车辆实现车流自组织进而形成车队，其二是利用车队的动态演化实现现有道路基础设施通行能力提升。本项目将研究车联网环境下车流自组织机理及其对干线道路通行能力的影响模式，通过车辆动力学建模、交通仿真和驾驶模拟实验等手段，揭示车辆群体行为的自组织性、车队演化对邻近车辆的影响特性、多组分交通流建模等问题机理，实现干线道路最优车队编解策略下的最大通行能力。项目成果可直接应用于基于车联网技术的交通规划与管理、交通控制与信息服务，提高交通系统的服务质量和精细化管理水平，为传统的交通规划与管理方法探索一条新路径。

车联网环境下车辆跟车间距减小，未来网联车辆将与传统车辆长期共享有限的道路资源，空间连续的网联车辆可以组建为柔性车队，提高车流的同质性，车队内车辆可以保持更小的车头间距行驶，进而有效提高道路通行能力。项目针对未来智能交通发展过程中出现的新型混合交通流背景，首先明确提出了新型混合交通流内涵，研究网联条件下的车流自组织机理和模式；并针对现阶段车联网环境下数据不足的问题，创新性地提出基于驾驶模拟技术的实验室协同交互场景搭建方法，提出了驾驶模拟技术条件下人机双在环车路协同应用场景开发方法，并开发了相应的车载预警系统和人机交互界面设计；依据此平台完成了面向人因的协同交互环境对驾驶行为的影响分析，且提出了基于最佳时空轨迹汇聚模式的通行效率时空特征分析方法，建立了从个体驾驶行为到宏观交通流时空特性分析的一般方法，同时进行了驾驶行为特征数据的提取工作；另外，分析了车辆组成及空间随机分布特性，通过基于平衡态交通运行状态条件，构建了新型混合交通流q-k-v关系解析表达式，探讨了车辆驾驶行为、智能化程度、网联化程度、以及车队组织模式等参数对通行能力的影响；最后，考虑车头间距的分布特征、网联车辆市场占有率和车队规模，基于以上理论解析方法，面向主动交通管控策略，针对双车道车道管理进行了工程应用分析。项目成果可直接应用于基于车联网技术的交通规划与管理、交通控制与信息服务，提高交通系统的服务质量和精细化管理水平，为传统的交通规划与管理方法探索一条新路径。