毒蛾属昆虫的系统发育和生物地理学研究

The genus Lymantria Hübner, belonging to Lymantriinae of Erebidae in Lepidoptera, is an important group of agricultural and forest pests, with 173 known species in 12 subgenera. The genus represents one of the most speciose group in Lymantriinae, and its morphological classification has been well studied. However, the phylogenetic relationships, evolutionary history and mechanisms driving the patterns of biogeographic distribution in this genus remain poorly understood. Based on the existing morphological classification, the present project aims to reconstruct a global phylogenetic framework of Lymantria species using the molecular data of multiple genes, explain their phylogenetic relationships and propose a classification that can reflect their evolutionary history. Under the phylogenetic framework mentioned above, the project will also use the methods of history biogeography to estimate the divergence times of Lymantria clades, and combine the geographic distribution information to explain the biogeographic history of this genus and the mechanisms shaping the patterns of its biogeographic distribution. The results will provide scientific basis for the studies on origin, evolution and pest control.

毒蛾属隶属于鳞翅目裳蛾科毒蛾亚科，已知12亚属173种，是一类重要的农林害虫。该属作为种类最为丰富的毒蛾类群之一，其形态学分类研究已相对较为完善，但其系统发育关系、演化历史及地理分布格局形成机制至今尚未得到科学的诠释。本项目拟在已有形态学分类研究的基础上，针对毒蛾属进行全面取样，利用多基因分子数据重建该属的系统发育框架，阐明其支系间的系统发育关系，提出能反映该类昆虫演化历史的分类系统；在此框架下，利用历史生物地理学的研究方法，估算各支系的分歧时间，并结合地理分布信息，从时间和空间两个层面解析毒蛾属的生物地理学历史及其地理分布格局形成机制。研究结果将为该类群的起源演化和害虫治理等方面提供科学依据。

毒蛾隶属于鳞翅目裳蛾科，是一类重要的农林害虫。作为种类最为丰富的毒蛾类群之一，毒蛾属已知12亚属173种，广泛分布于欧亚非大陆及澳洲区。本研究在形态学研究的基础上，选取了世界范围内10亚属60种毒蛾，利用分子数据重建了毒蛾属系统发育框架。初步研究结果表明毒蛾属为单系群，但不支持Lymantria、Porthetria、Nyctria和Collentria亚属的单系性；Nyctria亚属为毒蛾属的基本分支，与其他毒蛾属成员呈姊妹关系；Beatria、Griveaudtria、Pantria、Sarantria与Spinotria亚属亲缘关系较近，共同构成了毒蛾属的端部支系；现有生物地理分析数据显示毒蛾属起源于3.1千万年前的东洋区，并分别向澳洲区、欧亚大陆、非洲区及北美地区扩散。同时，依据形态特征与分子数据订正了Heracula discivitta的系统学位置，将其从毒蛾中移出，置于尺蛾总科拟桦蛾科内，并以该种为模式建立一新亚科Heraculinae；另发现并描述了两个毒蛾新种。研究结果对研究毒蛾类昆虫的系统与进化具有重要的科学意义。