西南传统聚落空间形态与景观基因的特征提取及其图谱表达

Landscape features of traditional settlements are a hot area of research on New Culture Geography and the south-western region in China is one of the typical traditional sample settlement, with its spatial forms and landscape genes as a powerful representation. This project takes measuring the spatial forms of traditional settlements in Southwest China quantitatively and identifying landscape genes scientifically as an entry point, then extracts their individual features and common patterns respectively. As a result, we have identified their individual and general characteristics. On this basis, we come to analyze their spatial forms and regional differentiation of the landscape genes, and conduct a research on landscape zoning. Applying methods of Geo-info-tuup, we express 4 kinds of spectrum on characteristics of spatial morphology: settlement group, settlement boundary, settlement interior and settlement outside. With regard to characteristics of landscape genes, we establish their characteristic spectrum based on multi genes of a single settlement or single or multi genes of settlement group from four kinds of characteristics of genes, including environmental genes, layout genes, architecture genes, cultural genes. While as to spatial forms and regional differentiation features of the landscape genes, we build their spatial spectrum on regional differentiation, national differentiation and Terrain differentiation. It is of great scientific significance to extract landscape genes and characteristics of spatial morphology in traditional settlements of Southwest China and reveal its spatial-temporal evolution law. Meanwhile, it helps promote the improvement of two theoretical system: geographical information atlas and landscape genes.

传统聚落景观特征是新文化地理学的研究热点，西南地区是中国众多传统聚落的典型样区，空间形态与景观基因是聚落景观特征的有力表征。项目以传统聚落空间形态量化测度和景观基因的科学识别为切入点，分别提取西南传统聚落空间形态的个性特征和共性模式，识别出其景观基因的个体特征和总体特征；在此基础上再分析空间形态和景观基因的地域分异规律，并据此进行景观区划研究。采用地学信息图谱方法，对空间形态特征进行聚落群体、聚落边界、聚落内部、聚落外部四种尺度的图谱表达；对景观基因特征则从环境基因、布局基因、建筑基因、文化基因四种类型出发，以单个聚落的多项基因和聚落群体的单项或多项基因来构建其特征图谱；而对空间形态和景观基因的地域分异特征则分别构建其区域分异、民族分异和地形分异图谱。挖掘西南传统聚落的景观基因和空间形态特征，揭示西南聚落景观的地域机制，具有较强的科学意义；同时，也助推地学信息图谱和景观基因理论体系的完善。

传统聚落空间形态与景观基因是聚落文化景观特征的有力表征，形态与基因受自然和文化双重影响，表现出复杂的空间差异性，通过识别空间差异来判断人地关系及其系统内部的空间机理和文化形成机制，是人文地理学当前面临的重要科学问题。本项目主要开展了四个方面的研究：①传统聚落空间形态分析与特征提取，②传统聚落景观基因的识别与提取，③传统聚落空间形态与景观基因的图谱表达，④西南地区传统村落空间形态与空间模式的地域分异。.针对传统聚落空间形态的宏观层面的特征提取，提出了一种基于无人机影像密集匹配点云的传统村落地面点提取及DEM生成方法；针对传统聚落空间形态的中观层面的特征提取，提出了一种传统村落空间秩序的表征与定量化测度方法；针对传统村落空间形态的微观层面的特征提取，提出了一种基于无人机密集匹配点云的传统村落建筑屋顶特征线提取方法；针对传统聚落点云数据的处理，提出了“改进的最小生成树自适应空间点聚类算法”和“顾及各向异性的多参数协同优化IDW 插值方法”。.针对传统聚落景观基因的识别与提取，进行了景观基因识别与提取的方法探索。针对传统聚落空间形态与景观基因的图谱表达，探索了文化景观基因的符号机制。针对西南地区传统村落空间形态模式，总结了川东巴渝文化主导型、川西高原文化主导型、川中成都平原文化主导型、川南山地型、黔文化少数民族主导型、洱海文化主导型、滇池文化主导型七种类型。.项目主要在传统村落空间形态的量化测度与特征提取方面进行了深入探索，特别是采用无人机影像点云数据和其它空间数据对传统村落各层面的空间形态进行定量化分析与特征提取的方法上取得了较大进展，具有方法论意义；所提出的“数据思维”——用数据来支撑传统村落甚至整个人文地理学的研究，有研究范式转变的示范意义。引入无人飞机点云数据、GIS等技术手段对传统聚落的空间形态进行定量测度和特征提取等数字化手段具有较大的应用前景，可广泛用于传统村落保护规划、乡村振兴实践。