基于低排放的贫油预混主动燃烧控制策略与算法研究

With the traction of the major project implementation strategy of “aero- engines and gas turbines” and the significant demand for “energy-saving, emission-reduction and efficiency-improving”, this project focus on great application prospect of active combustion control technology with low emission and high stability, as well as the three major challenges for the lean premixed combustion of the gas turbines, including uneven premix, unstable combustion and excessive emission. The project intends to apply prediction models and test methods of the lean premixed combustion to explore formation mechanism of NOx in the lean premixed combustion, and master the influence of main fuel injection phase and secondary fuel injection on combustion stability and formation of NOx. Furthermore, the project attempts to design a control strategy and algorithm of a three-circuit lean premixed and active combustion. For this purpose, temperature of combustion flame is reduced by controlling fuel-air equivalence ratio, thermoacoustic instability phenomenon is restrained by controlling the initial phase of main fuel, the thermal-oscillation problem in the bulk regions of low-cycle heat release is eliminated by controlling secondary fuel injection, and lowest NOx emission is used as objective function to optimize the algorithm, combined with combustion test results. In general, this project is designed to lay a basis for future development of combustion instabilities suppression, active combustion control technology and low emission combustion technology.

以“航空发动机及燃气轮机”重大专项实施战略为牵引，围绕国家“节能减排增效”的重大需求，针对燃气轮机贫油预混燃烧所面临的“预混不均”，“燃烧不稳定”，“排放超标”三大挑战，以及低排放高稳定主动燃烧控制技术所蕴藏着的巨大应用前景。本项目拟通过贫油预混燃烧预测模型和试验方法探索贫油预混燃烧中NOx生成机理，掌握主燃油注入相位和二次燃油注入量对燃烧稳定性及NOx生成的影响，拟设计一套三回路贫油预混主动燃烧控制策略与算法，通过控制燃油与空气当量比降低燃烧火焰温度；通过控制主燃油注入相位抑制热声不稳定现象；通过控制二次喷油量消除低周热释放循环区热振荡问题，并以NOx排放量最低为目标函数，结合燃烧试验结果优化该算法。希望通过本项目的研究为燃烧不稳定抑制，主动燃烧控制技术，以及低排放燃烧技术的发展奠定基础。

本项目针对航空发动机与燃气轮机贫油预混燃烧所面临的“预混不均”，“燃烧不稳定”，“排放超标”等应用基础问题，开展了高稳定低排放主动燃烧控制策略与算法研究，通过基于贫油预混燃烧预测模型和试验方法获得贫油预混燃烧中NOx生成机理和影响因素，建立了贫油预混燃烧预测模型，阐明了航空发动机与燃气轮机燃烧不稳定影响机理与调控机制，揭示了航空发动机与燃气轮机燃烧过程排放、预混与燃烧不稳定的本质规律，探索了主动燃烧不同控制算法对低排放与燃烧不稳定的影响，设计一套贫油预混主动燃烧控制策略及主动调控方法。在此基础上，提出了三回路主动燃烧控制策略与算法。研究成果为发展具有自主知识产权的高稳定低排放航空发动机与燃气轮机燃烧控制策略与调控方法提供了新的途径。. 研究成果已发表期刊论文11篇，其中SCI 8 篇，授权/申请发明专利7项，培养硕士与博士研究生8人，参过国际会议2次，培养学生多人次获得国家奖学金。