轮对几何参数在线测量方法与动态误差补偿的研究

The wheelset is one of the nine key components of EMU trains. With the increasing of train speed, train wheel wear becomes more and more severe, which may cause serious potential safety problems for the operation of high-speed trains. In order to meet the requirements of the rapid development of high speed railways and to realize the condition-based maintenance of railway vehicles, it has become a key problem that must be firstly solved to study methods for online measuring the geometric parameters of wheelset, and it has great theoretical as well as practical values. . There are some methods available for online measuring the geometric parameters of wheelset, however, these methods have some disadvantages of low measurement accuracy, and the dynamic error has not been considered and it is a main resource that causes low measurement accuracy. So, the main research contents and targets of this project are as follows: ⑴Studying the method for online measuring wheelset geometric parameters in order to accurately measure the wheel diameter, flange thickness, and tread profile;⑵Studying dynamic error for measuring geometric parameters of wheelsets in order to build a dynamic error compensation mathematic model and to improve the measurement accuracy;⑶Studying some key problems including signal and image processing etc. in order to solve the calibration of the measurement system in-site and to develop a high accuracy on-line wheel geometric parameters measurement system. Finally, the results of this project can provide strong theoretical and experimental supports for further development of a practical measurement system that can be put into use in high speed railways and urban rail transports.

轮对是机车和车辆最重要的走行部件，是动车组的9个关键技术部件之一，列车速度的大幅度提高，加快了轮对磨损和缺陷产生的速度，给我国高速列车的运行带来巨大的安全隐患。因此，研究车轮对几何参数在线测量方法，变定期检修为状态修，成为我国高速铁路发展迫切需要解决的测量问题之一，其研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。.针对目前国内外轮对在线测量测量精度不高、未涉及动态误差补偿等不足，本项目主要研究内容及目标为：⑴研究轮对几何参数在线测量方法，解决踏面直径、轮缘厚、车轮轮廓等参数的高精度测量难点；⑵研究轮对几何参数动态误差，建立动态误差数学模型，实现动态误差补偿，提高测量的准确性；⑶研究轮对几何参数在线测量信号及图像处理等关键问题，解决轮对几何参数在线测量现场标定等问题，最终构建具有自主知识产权的高精度轮对几何参数在线测量系统，进行现场实验研究，为研制实用在线测量系统提供理论与实验依据。

轮对是机车和车辆最重要的走行部件，我国列车运行速度与运力的大幅度提高，加快了轮对磨损和缺陷产生的速度，给我国铁路和城市轨道交通的运行带来巨大的安全隐患。因此，研究车轮对几何参数在线测量方法，变定期检修为状态修，成为高速铁路和城市轨道交通发展中迫切需要解决的测量问题之一，其研究具有重要的理论意义和应用价值。. 针对目前国内外轮对在线测量测量精度不高、未涉及动态误差补偿等不足，本项目重点研究了轮对踏面几何参数在线测量方法、轮对几何参数动态误差分析与补偿方法和轮对几何参数在线测量标定方法与图形处理技术等方面的内容，提出新的轮对几何参数在线测量方法，特别是车轮踏面直径、轮缘厚度、踏面缺陷等关键参数的高精度动态测量方法，解决了涉及的动态误差分析与补偿、轮对几何参数在线测量现场标定方法等关键科学问题，获得信号及图像处理等关键算法与技术，研制了不同类型的轮对几何参数在线测量系统样机，进行了实验室、车间和现场实验。研制的轮对几何参数动态测量系统在现场得到实际应用，精度指标符合现场要求，其中动态测量直径精度为±0.4mm，为国内外同类产品的最高测量精度，为保障我国铁路与城市轨道交通安全提供了技术与设置支撑。. 发表学术论文9篇，其中SCI论文3篇，申请和获得发明专利2项，培养研究生6名，其中博士研究生2名。此外，以本项目为基础，《列车轮对智能检测及全寿命周期管理系统研发与产业化》获得东莞市引进创新科研团队资助，资助总经费为4000万元，团队负责人为冯其波教授，为本项目研究成果产业化工作奠定了很好的基础。