福建土楼抗震性能研究

Fujian Tulou (earthen buildings) is made of rammed earth walls and wood structures, both of which support the vertical and horizontal load in the multi-story huge loam-made building. The scientific protection of Fujian’s Tulou, the World’s Cultural and Natural Heritage, requires a thorough understanding of the overall structural performance of the earthen buildings, especially the seismic performance. The current research verified the parameters of the mechanical performance of rammed earth and wood materials, centered on the interaction and synergy between rammed earth walls and wood structures, and applied the experiment examining the the cementation-slippage between the wood beams and rammed earth walls, the cyclic friction energy-consumption experiment, along with the experiment on the correlation between the moment and deflection of the wood beams and rammed earth walls joints, to systematically investigate the stress-bearing performance and the bending stiffness of the joint between rammed earth walls and wood structures. The research also conducted quasi-static testing of the rammed earth walls, and rammed earth walls-wood sub-structure under the horizontal cyclic load to examine the synergy mechanism of rammed earth walls and wood structures. Numerical simulations on the height-thickness ratio, the axial load ratio, the size of doors and windows, along with the stiffness of the wood beams were adopted to study their impacts on earthquake resistance performance. Based on the simulations, damage patterns of the rammed earth walls-wood structures were put forward and earthquake disaster mechanism was presented. With the application of the mechanical computation model of the Tulou under horizontal seismic impacts, the method for evaluating the overall earthquake resistance performance of Tulou was provided, which would lay theoretical groundwork for the assessment of earthquake resistance performance of Tulou and therefore helps preserve the existing Tulou architectural culture.

福建土楼是由夯土墙和木构组成，共同承受竖向和水平荷载的多层巨型生土建筑。为科学保护世界物质文化遗产福建土楼，需要对土楼整体结构性能，特别是抗震性能有透彻的了解。本项目在测试既有土楼夯土、木材材料基本力学性能参数的基础上，以夯土墙-木构的相互作用机理为核心，通过木梁与夯土墙的粘结-滑移试验、循环摩擦耗能试验、弯矩-转角关系试验，研究夯土墙-木构接触界面的受力性能以及连接节点的力学性能；开展夯土墙-木构子结构在水平循环荷载作用下的拟静力试验，揭示夯土墙和木构的共同工作机理；利用数值模拟拓展墙体高厚比、轴压比、门窗洞口尺寸、木梁刚度等参数对土楼抗震性能的影响研究，提出土楼夯土墙-木构的破坏模式，进而揭示土楼的震害机理；建立在水平地震作用下的土楼整体力学计算模型，提出土楼整体抗震性能评价方法，为既有土楼的抗震鉴定、震害防治等提供理论依据。

福建土楼是由夯土墙和木构组成，共同承受竖向和水平荷载的多层巨型生土建筑。本项目测试了既有土楼夯土、木材材料基本力学性能，以夯土墙-木构的相互作用机理为核心，通过木梁与夯土墙的粘结-滑移试验、循环摩擦耗能试验、弯矩-转角关系试验，研究了夯土墙-木构接触界面的受力性能以及连接节点的力学性能，揭示了夯土墙和木构的共同工作机理；利用数值模拟拓展墙体高厚比、轴压比、门窗洞口尺寸、木梁刚度等参数对土楼抗震性能的影响研究，提出了土楼夯土墙-木构的破坏模式，揭示土楼的震害机理；建立在水平地震作用下的土楼整体力学计算模型，提出土楼整体抗震性能评价方法，为既有土楼的抗震鉴定、震害防治，及科学保护世界物质文化遗产福建土楼等提供理论依据。按照计划完成项目预期目标。共提交申请专利7项，其中4项专利已经授权。发表相关论文12篇，其中10篇被SCI、EI、北大核心及CSCD数据库收录。培养研究生8人。主编福建省工程建设地方标准《既有房屋结构安全隐患排查技术标准》DBJ/T13-354-2021（第一主编人）。该标准结合了本项目的研究成果，首次纳入生土结构的排查技术指也。还有更多的试验成果在推进理论分析和研究。研究成果目前与泉州大众古建筑设计有限公司展开全面的合作，正在应用于实际土楼的修复保护工作中。