大部件装配热变形三坐标测量方法研究

Thermal deformation is one of the major factors affecting the measurement precision of large components assembly. How to effectively reduce impact of thermal deformation is one of the key technical difficulties in aircraft components assembly which urgently need to be overcomed. In this project, we will intensively investigate how to locate instrument, as well as analyze measurement results and establish of measurement specifications considering temperature field in large components assembly measurement. The adverse effect of thermal deformation of reference positioning points on instrument locating will be eliminated by a novel instrument locating algorithm using data from temperature, stress and displacement sensors, as well as three coordinate measurement instrument and the results of finite element analysis. The thermal elastic deformation model of large components tooling will be established using historical data of the temperature field and the three coordinate measurements, and the deformation failure criterion of the tooling’s measuring points will be made. A measurement specification of large components assembly will be established base on historical data of multiple sensors and three coordinate measurement instruments, and a measurement software with thermal elastic deformation compensation function will be developed. Research findings will promote the development of new principles and methods in precision measurement of large components assembly, and provide theoretical guidance and technician support for high-accuracy, high-efficiency and high-quality assembly of civil large airplane.

热变形是影响大部件装配测量精度主要因素之一，如何有效减少热变形的影响是目前飞机大部件装配亟需解决和攻克的技术难题之一。本项目围绕考虑温度场的大部件装配测量定位、测量结果分析、测量规范建立等方面展开深入研究。通过温度、力和位移等传感器结合三坐标测量数据和有限元分析结果，提出新的仪器精确定位算法，消除基准定位点热变形对仪器定位的影响；通过温度场和三坐标测量的历史数据，构建典型大部件工装热弹性变形模型，制定大部件工装测量点变形失效的判别准则；建立基于多重传感器和历史测量数据的大部件装配测量规范，并开发具有热弹性变形补偿功能的测量软件。研究成果将进一步发展大部件装配精确三坐标测量的新原理和新方法，为我国飞机大部件的高精度、高效率和高品质装配提供理论指导和技术支持。

研究了非均匀温度场下大型工装精确定位和测量难题。围绕非均匀温度场下的大型工装装配测量定位、测量结果分析、测量规范建立和测量软件开发等方面展开研究。以某型机翼盒数字化装配系统为研究对象，建立了热变形计算模型，并采用有限元分析的方法进行比较和验证。建立了工装标定和检查的规范。在工装调试过程中，通过对测量数据的分析，发现了工装热变形失效的几种主要形式，并进行了工装设计改进。 编写了“某型机翼盒工装温度及变形监控分析软件”和 “自动化调姿测量系统”保证了工装的精确安装和正常使用。