基于电动汽车的交通系统和电力系统的融合、均衡与优化

A massive adoption of plug-in electric vehicles is a milestone in the journey of developing cleaner and more cost-effective ground transportation systems for the human society. Many countries across the world are actively promoting and stimulating the use of plug-in electric vehicles, as a strategic action for altering the energy consumption structure, reducing transportation activity costs, lowering greenhouse gas emissions and other pollutants, and enhancing the economic and environmental sustainability. This project proposes and defines a so-called "transportation-electricity megasystem", which is a result of the convergence of transportation systems and electricity systems, on the basis of the acknowledgement that "smart garages" used for parking and charging/discharging electric vehicles are de facto part of a transportation network and part of an electricity grid. This project is concerned with developing modeling tools and methods as well as resulting management policies and measures that can be used to enhance the efficiency and performance of the transportation-electricity megasystem. In particular, we intend to achieve the following research goals in the proposed project: 1) to qunatify the integrated parking-charging/discharging behavior of electric vehicle drivers and evaluate its impact on the performance and behavior of transportation systems and electricity systems; 2) to develop modeling and solution methods for characterizing the state equilibrium and system dynamics of the transportation-electricity megasystem; 3) to develop modeling and solution methods for improving the efficiency and reliability of transportation systems and electricity systems through manipulating the development and operation of smart garages; 4) to apply the resulting system modeling tools to appraise the long-term economic feasibility and benefit of the proposed transportation-electricity megasystem and accordingly suggest the system development strategies and approaches.

电动汽车代替内燃汽车是地面交通系统发展的一次里程碑式的变革。世界上许多国家政府正在大力推动电动汽车的普及，把电动汽车的大规模生产和使用作为改变能源消费结构、促进产业升级、降低环境污染的战略举措。本项目的核心内容是以"交通-电力超级系统"的概念和思路为基础，通过优化"智能车库"布局建设和运营管理来影响电动汽车驾驶者的停泊-电力交换行为，从而改善交通网络和电力网络的效率和性能。具体来说，本项目着力于完成以下研究目标：一、调查电动汽车出行者的停泊-电力交换行为方式及评估停泊-电力交换行为对交通系统和电力系统的效率和性能的影响；二、开发能够描述交通-电力超级系统动态均衡和相互作用的数学模型和方法；三、开发能够优化智能车库的系统建设和运营方案来改善交通系统和电力系统的经济性和可靠性的数学模型和方法；四、应用所开发的数学模型和方法来评价交通-电力超级系统的长期收益情况和论证智能车库的建设和运营方案。

电动汽车代替内燃汽车是地面交通系统发展的一次里程碑式的变革。世界上许多国家政府正在大力推动电动汽车的普及，把电动汽车的大规模生产和使用作为改变能源消费结构、促进产业升级、降低环境污染的战略举措。本项目的核心内容是以"交通-电力超级系统"的概念和思路为基础，通过优化"智能车库"布局建设和运营管理来影响电动汽车驾驶者的停泊-电力交换行为，从而改善交通网络和电力网络的效率和性能。具体来说，本项目完成了以下研究目标：一、调查电动汽车出行者的停泊-电力交换行为方式及评估停泊-电力交换行为对交通系统和电力系统的效率和性能的影响；二、开发描述和评价基于电动汽车里程焦虑和充电需求的交通网络均衡数学模型和计算方法；三、开发优化电动汽车充电基础设施布局和选址方案来改善交通系统和电力系统的经济性和可靠性的数学模型和计算方法；四、应用所开发的数学模型和方法来评价交通-电力超级系统的长期收益情况和论证智能车库的建设和运营方案。本项目执行过程中所获得的研究成果主要体现在11篇 SCI 国际期刊论文，1篇国内期刊论文，16篇国际会议论文，以及3项国家发明专利。项目负责人在2017年6月以“Development of Electricity Supply Infrastructure for Electric Vehicles: Challenges and Opportunities”为题入选第5届中美工程前沿研讨会演讲嘉宾并做大会报告，同时获得中国工程院授予“中国工程前沿杰出青年学者”。