厌氧消化削减控制牲畜粪便中抗生素抗性基因的微生物生态机制研究

In recent years, the environmental pollution of antibiotics in manure and the ecological toxicity of antibiotic resistance genes have aroused great concern, its distribution characteristics, spreading and potential hazards into the environment have been reported widely, but researches concerning on reduction control methods and dynamic mechanisms during treatment are relatively scared. Based on ARGs existed in the livestock manure,in order to be better control of antibiotic resistance genes during anaerobic digestion, the project intends to use real-time quantitative PCR, high-throughput sequencing technology and microbial community metabolism analysis methods, study on effecting of treatment parameters of anaerobic digestion, antibiotic and heavy metal resistance selection pressure on abundance of ARGs during anaerobic digestion. It is going to determine the key treatment parameters affecting the change of ARGs and its propagation characteristics, analysis the relationship between ARGs abundance and the microbial community structure and succession, revealing the microbial ecological mechanism on the dynamic change of ARGs, and put forward the digestion methods and strategies to reduce and control ARGs effectively. To carry out this project will help people to understand the movement and transformation of ARGs during biological treatment, then provide theoretical basis for effective reduction and control of ARGs,and provide an important technical support for the safe application of livestock manure.

牲畜粪便中抗生素的环境污染与抗生素抗性基因生态毒害问题近年来引起了极大的关注，抗生素抗性基因的分布特征、传播扩散以及进入环境中的潜在危害已有较多研究，而对其削减控制方法及其动态变化机制的研究则较少。本项目以畜禽粪便中的抗生素抗性基因为研究对象，为了抗生素抗性基因在厌氧消化过程中更好的削减控制，采用实时定量PCR、高通量测序技术和微生物群落代谢分析等手段，研究厌氧消化处理参数和抗生素（重金属）抗性选择压力在粪便消化过程中对抗性基因丰度的影响，确定影响抗性基因变化的关键消化处理参数及其传播特性，分析抗性基因丰度与微生物群落结构及演替之间的相互关系，揭示消化过程中抗性基因动态变化的微生物生态机制，提出有效削减控制粪便中抗性基因的消化方法和策略。项目的开展将有助于人们对抗生素抗性基因在生物处理过程中迁移转化的认识，为其有效的削减和控制和牲畜粪便的安全使用提供理论依据和技术保障。

牲畜粪便中抗生素的环境污染与抗生素抗性基因生态毒害问题近年来引起了极大的关注，抗生素抗性基因的分布特征、传播扩散以及进入环境中的潜在危害已有较多研究，而对其削减控制方法及其动态变化机制的研究则较少。本项目开展了牛粪厌氧消化试验，主要分析不同工艺参数条件下以及不同选择压力条件下厌氧消化过程中抗生素抗性基因的丰度变化及其微生物生态机制，提出有效削减控制粪便中抗生素抗性基因的厌氧消化工艺和处理策略。结果表明，高温55℃、不搅拌、固含率16%、原料浓度100%的工艺条件不仅产气产甲烷性能良好，还有利于削减牛粪中的抗生素抗性基因；四环素、土霉素、锌、铜、聚乙烯微塑料均对抗生素抗性基因产生选择压力，使其厌氧消化后丰度增加，可能造成抗生素抗性基因转移传播风险。结合微生物群落演替及理化性质变化可知，微生物群落演替是影响抗生素抗性基因变化的关键因素，无论是工艺条件还是选择压力，均改变抗生素抗性基因的潜在宿主菌的变化从而影响抗生素抗性基因的动态变化。本研究结果初步提出了有利于削减抗生素抗性基因的厌氧消化工艺条件以及处理策略，有利于控制奶牛场牛粪中抗生素抗性基因的转移和传播，降低牛粪抗生素抗性基因造成的潜在环境风险。