东亚特有类群苍术属系统发育和物种分化及栽培药材白术的起源研究

Phylogeny, speciation and differentiation of Atractylodes, an Eastern Asian endemic genus, are studied based on the single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) analysis on the fundamental of RAD tag technology, integrated with cpDNA, ITS, ETS and single copy nuclear gene sequence analysis, as well as the morphology and geography characteristics in this project. The research emphasizes on the relationships between the medicinal plant A. lancea and its five affinitive species. Phylogeography based on the chloroplast DNA analysis is used to reveal the ancestral haplotype of the complex in the genus, relationships between different species, the historical events by Nested Clade Analysis (NCA) and the MP tree, infer the histories that different lineages have gone, and finally make classification revision. Combined with the SNPs analysis and microsatellite (SSR) markers, we will study on the phylogeography of A. macrocephala, a phyletic Chinese Medicinal Plant(CMP) in the genus, discuss the population genetic structure and genetic diversity on the early stage of domestication. The origin, migration and population differentiation are revealed by estimating the haplotype divergent time and the latest common ancestor. Meanwhile, the research will integrate morphology, geographic distribution, vegetation ecology, paleoclimate, paleogeography and disjunctive distribution to elucidate the evolution history of Atractylodes, probe into the impacts from environmental change and human activities in the Eastern Asia on the speciation and differentiation, geographic distribution and divergence pattern of the endemic genus.

基于RAD tag技术的单核苷酸多态性（SNPs）分析，结合cpDNA、ITS、ETS和单拷贝核基因序列分析，及形态、地理特征，研究东亚特有苍术属的系统演化，物种形成与分化；重点揭示药源植物苍术及其5个关系紧密混杂种的种间关系，基于它们的群体叶绿体单倍型地理分布，确定祖先单倍型，探讨亲缘关系，进行分类处理，并经网状支系分析（NCA），推测不同支系曾经经历的历史事件；结合SSR分子标记研究白术栽培历史，探讨栽培早期阶段的群体遗传结构与遗传多样性水平，估算单倍型分歧时间、最近共同祖先等，揭示其起源、迁移及分化历史。结合形态、地理分布、植被生态、古气候、古地理及间断分布等资料，回答属的进化历史，间断分布种（关苍术、苍术和朝鲜苍术）的传播迁移机制；揭示典型东亚特有属的物种形成分化、地理分布及分化样式与东亚地理、环境和人类活动的关系。