滑坡深部位移三维测量方法与关键技术研究

Landslides are widely distributed and extremely harmful in the world. Deep displacement monitoring can obtain the key parameters of landslide evolution and is an important means of landslide monitoring and forecasting. Nowadays, it has become increasingly important but less well established due to the invisible and harsh monitor conditions. In this project, a new technology and device based on the specific composite magneto-electric sensing array is proposed. It can be used for the early warning of landslide by detection and recognition the characteristic information of underground deep displacement. It is aimed to establish some effective theory, method and technology to measure the underground 3D displacement qualities, rates and directions at different depths within the sliding rock and soil mass. It is qualified for both the high precision monitoring in the early deforming stage and the large deformation, high rate monitoring in the rapid change and pre-sliding stage. So it hopes to reveal the temporal and spatial evolution process and provide technical support to predict the dynamic evolution, occurring time and scope of landslides. It mainly includes: (1) Research on the sensing and integrating methods of various magneto-electric effects (electromagnetic inductance, Hall effect, magnetoresistive effect, etc) that imposed on the proposed deep displacement 3D measuring sensor. (2) Build up the mathematical models of deep displacement 3D measurement, through studying on the sensing and mapping rules between the multi-sensing characterizing physical quantities and the underground 3D coordinate changes of the measured sliding mass, and analyzing the effects of structural parameters and environmental factors on the output characteristics. By all of these, it hopes to realize the real-time, automatic and accurate measurement of underground deformation 3D parameters. (3) based on the measuring results of the proposed sensor, further analyze the dynamic characteristics and rules of the three-dimensional displacement vector field at different stages of landslide stability, and study the landslide prediction methods based on time series analysis of multi-dimensional parameters of deep displacement.

滑坡在全球范围内广泛分布，危害极为严重。深部位移监测可以获取滑坡孕育演变关键表征参数，是滑坡监测预报的重要手段，监测的不可见与复杂性导致该技术发展缓慢。本项目研究一种在钻孔中植入复合磁电传感阵列的岩土深部位移特征信息检测、识别及预警的新技术，建立能够测定不同变形阶段、滑体内不同深度三维位移量、位移速率及方向的传感理论、技术和方法，揭示滑坡体灾前时空演变过程，为滑坡演变动态、成灾时空范围的预测预报提供技术支撑。1)研究电磁、互感、霍尔、磁阻等多磁电效应在深部位移三维测量传感器内的传感与集成方法；2）研究多传感多场耦合状态下表征物理量与地下三维坐标变化的映射传递规律，构建滑坡深部位移三维测量数学模型，分析结构参数、环境因素的影响规律，实现对深部位移多维参数的精确测量；（3）研究深部三维位移矢量场在滑坡不同稳定性阶段的演化特征及规律，探索基于深部位移多维参数时序分析的滑坡预测预报方法。

我国是世界上滑坡灾害分布最广、危害最严重的国家之一，给国民经济建设和人民生命安全造成极大的威胁和损害。深部位移监测可获取滑坡体地下不同深度的位移形变信息，是确定滑面深度、变形速度、发展规律进而预测预报的最直接可靠的技术手段。监测的不可见与复杂性导致该技术发展缓慢。本项目研究互感、霍尔、磁阻、地磁等多种磁电传感融合状态下，反映岩土体深部三维变化物理量的测量方法与数学模型，研究多传感信息融合与关键信息表征方法，开展深部位移三维测量柔性传感器研制及测试工作，以解决岩土体深部变形的三维全真测量问题。(1) 融合电磁、互感、霍尔、磁阻等多种磁电效应，设计出复合磁电式深部位移三维测量传感器，构建深部位移三维测量数学模型，实现对岩土体深部三维位移量、位移方向、位移速率的远程实时测量；(2) 围绕所开发的深部位移三维测量传感器，深入开展深部位移传感特性的理论建模、参数反演、数值仿真、实验测试等研究工作；(3) 构建岩土灾变综合测量模拟实验平台，一方面研究滑坡体处于不同稳定性阶段的深部三维位移量、位移速率的变化规律，另一方面选取深部位移、地表位移、降雨量、土壤应力、土壤含水率作为滑坡运动表征因子，研究不同因子在滑坡运动中的影响权重以及坡体安全系数的计算方法，初步建立基于综合测量的滑坡灾变预警模型。本研究为实现岩土深部变形三维参数的实时、自动、精确测量，揭示滑坡体内部三维变形特征及演变动态过程提供了方法、技术和理论，有望提升滑坡灾害监测、预警、评估技术水平。