流域非点源污染的多尺度水环境响应和控制方法研究

Nonpoint source (NPS) pollution is one of the prominent problems in many watersheds across the world. Watershed-scale NPS pollution control is the focus of the water environment research. This study will use a variety of technologies, such as information collection, local investigation, field monitoring, model simulation, monitored rainfall and optimization method. A typical watershed in the Three Gorges Reservoir Region is selected in the research. In this study, the specific contents includes: to reveal the generation process of NPS at field scale, and to identify spatial-temporal distributions of NPS loads and influencing factors at sub-watershed scale; to quantify its effect on water quality at sub-watershed and watershed scale, and to propose the respond mechanism of water quality to NPS inputs; to develop a down-scale technology and the related evaluation criteria for identifying prior management area, as well as an up-scale optimization approach for the configuration of NPS control measures; Finally, an integrated down-scale and up-scale framework will be provided by considering the conversion mechanism between multiple scales and the whole process from NPS transportation, water respond and control. This study would lead to a more reasonable spatial scale for watershed management and further enrich the theory and methodology of watershed science. Meanwhile, this study would target on nonpoint source pollution issues for the Three Gorges Reservoir Area and provide some important reference for the protection of water quality and safety in such regions.

随着非点源污染逐渐成为水环境的主要威胁，非点源污染的水环境效应及控制方法已成为流域水环境研究关注的焦点和待解决的难题。本项目以三峡库区典型流域为研究区域，通过资料收集、现场调查、实地监测、计算机模拟、降雨实验、优化算法等多种研究手段，开展田间尺度典型非点源污染物的流失机理研究，明确典型小流域/流域尺度上的非点源污染输出特征及影响因素；以“小流域-流域”为主线量化非点源污染对水环境的影响，揭示非点源污染-流域水环境响应机制；提出基于降尺度的关键控制单元识别方法和基于升尺度的措施优化技术，最终形成以“过程-响应-控制”为主线的，考虑多尺度转换的流域非点源污染控制体系。研究结果将有利于在更合理的空间尺度上开展流域非点源污染控制，有助于完善我国流域水环境管理理论和方法，同时可为保障三峡水库水质安全和水污染防治提供依据。

非点源污染的水环境效应及控制方法已成为流域水环境研究关注的焦点和待解决的难题。项目以三峡库区典型流域为研究区域，通过资料收集、现场调查、实地监测、计算机模拟、优化算法等多种研究手段，明确典型小流域-流域尺度上的非点源污染输出特征及影响因素，以“小流域-流域”为主线量化非点源污染对水环境的影响，提出基于降尺度的关键控制单元识别方法和基于升尺度的措施优化技术，最终形成考虑多尺度转换的流域非点源污染控制体系。研究结果有利于在更合理的空间尺度上开展流域非点源污染控制，有助于完善我国流域水环境管理理论和方法，同时可为保障三峡水库水质安全和水污染防治提供依据。通过研究，发表学术论文16篇，基本形成了基于降尺度的关键控制单元识别方法和基于升尺度的措施优化技术。