不确定环境下多码头泊位的联合应急调度研究

In the face of disruptions of various uncertainties and unexpected events in container ports, the internal emergency scheduling of resources within container terminals usually plays a limited role. To coordinate resources and improve services over a larger range, more and more terminal operators seek the integrated use for berths of multiple terminals located in different locations in a port through merger or cooperation with other terminals. In this context, this project studies the joint emergency scheduling problem for berths of multiple terminals in container ports from the perspective of multi-terminal coordination and cooperation. Based on two essential concerns, "uncertainty" and "multi-terminal coordination", we intend to establish the mechanism framework of joint emergency scheduling for berths of multiple terminals using the predictive-reactive scheduling strategy and a graded response method. And then: 1) For predictable disruptions such as arrival delay of vessels, we study the joint robust berth scheduling problem for multiple terminals based on centralized decision-making, and the collaborative robust berth scheduling problem for multiple terminals based on distributed decision-making; 2) For local unexpected disruptions such as quay crane failure, we study the local coordination and dynamic scheduling problem for berths of multiple terminals; 3) For large-scale unexpected disruptions caused by typhoons, strikes and so on, we study the joint rescheduling problem for berths of multiple terminals. By exploring the optimization models and algorithms of these scheduling problems, this project will provide new theoretical guidance and methods for operations management and emergency scheduling of container terminals in the new situation of the integration of port resources.

面对集装箱港口中各种不确定因素和突发事件的干扰，单纯依靠码头内部资源的应急调度往往作用有限。为在更大范围内协调资源和改善服务，越来越多的码头企业通过兼并、合作等方式实现对位于港口中不同位置的多个码头泊位的整合利用。在该背景下，本项目从多码头协调与合作的角度，研究港口中多码头泊位的联合应急调度问题。基于"不确定"和"多码头协调"两个基本要素，建立基于预测反应式策略和分级响应的多码头泊位联合应急调度体系架构，进而：1）针对船舶到港延误等可预测性扰动，研究多码头集中决策下的联合鲁棒泊位调度，和多主体分散决策下的协同鲁棒泊位调度；2）针对岸桥故障等造成的局部突发性扰动，研究多码头泊位局部协调与动态调度；3）针对台风、罢工等造成的大规模突发性扰动，研究多码头泊位联合再调度。通过探索上述调度问题的优化模型和算法，在港口资源整合的新形势下，本项目将为码头企业的运营管理和应急调度提供新的理论指导和方法。

本项目从多码头协调的角度研究了在不确定环境下港口中泊位的应急调度问题。在对港口泊位调度中各种不确定扰动进行系统分类的基础上，构建了基于分级响应的多码头泊位联合应急调度体系框架。针对罢工、恐怖袭击等大规模突发性扰动，研究了在码头瘫痪条件下，分属不同利益主体的多码头间的泊位协同应急调度问题，分别从非合作博弈和合作博弈的角度，构建了求援码头与援助码头间的利益协调机制，建立了相应的泊位应急调度模型和算法；针对船舶集中到港等中等扰动，研究了由相同经营主体集中管理的多个码头间的泊位联合再调度模型和算法；针对船舶到港延迟、作业时间波动、潮汐变化等可预测性扰动，基于冗余策略、港航协同、上下游码头协同，分别研究了泊位鲁棒调度和扰动缓和策略，建立了有效的调度模型和算法。本课题研究成果将丰富和扩展泊位调度问题的相关研究，为港口资源整合和应急管理提供了新的方法和理论依据，对提高港口的科学决策水平具有重要意义。