半风化离子吸附型稀土矿赋存特征及浸出机制研究

With rare earth ore resources depleting, exploitation and utilization of semi-weathered ion-adsorption type rare earths mineral have become the key to expand the rare earth resources. The project conduct basic and applied research on the leaching of semi-weathered ion-adsorption type rare earths mineral. Its characteristics and innovation are to study on the leaching mechanism based on the occurrence mechanism of different phases. First of all, research on the occurrence characteristics of ion-adsorption type rare earths mineral with different weathering degree, extract the process from mineral facies to ion phase of rare-earth element, analyse the occurrence characteristics' effect on leaching, and enrich the occurrence mechanism of different phases. Then analyse the kinetics' differences between pool leaching and in-situ leaching, and for different weathering degree and different graded ion adsorption type rare earth ore, establish dynamics model of leaching process to provide theoretical basis for the use of leaching agent. Study on the new mixed leaching agent's effect on leaching index, formulate rational agent system and leaching parameter, and research on the synergistic mechanism of new mixed leaching agent. On account of the re-adsorption, we aim at researching new leaching agent about reducing the balance point of electrolyte ion concentration, and improving the re-adsorption mechanism. The project will enrich the leaching theory and application system of ion-adsorption type rare earths mineral.

随着稀土资源日趋贫化，半风化离子吸附型稀土矿的开发利用已成扩大稀土资源储量的关键。本项目开展半风化离子吸附型稀土矿浸出的基础与应用研究，其特色和创新点在于以稀土矿中各相态稀土元素赋存机理为基础，研究稀土浸出机制。首先研究不同风化程度离子吸附型稀土矿中稀土元素赋存特征规律，揭示稀土元素由矿物相转变为离子相的转变特性过程，分析赋存特征对浸取效果的影响，丰富各相态稀土元素的赋存机理；分析静态池浸工艺和动态原地浸取工艺的浸取过程动力学差异，建立不同风化程度不同粒级离子吸附型稀土矿浸取过程动力学模型，为浸取药剂使用提供理论依据；研究新型混合浸取药剂对稀土浸出指标的影响，制定合理的药剂制度和浸出参数条件，研究混合浸取药剂的协同作用机理；针对半风化离子吸附型稀土矿再吸附问题，研发旨在降低电解质离子浓度平衡点的新型浸取剂，完善稀土矿再吸附机理。项目的研究将 进一步完善离子吸附型稀土矿浸出的理论与应用体系。

本项目进行了稀土矿物质组成研究，开展了工艺矿物学研究，发现离子吸附型稀土矿矿化均匀且稳定，离子相稀土主要赋存于细粒级黏土矿物中。进行了稀土赋存特征研究，稀土矿物可分为水溶相稀土、离子相稀土、胶态相稀土。进行了稀土的矿物相与全相稀土研究，全相是离子吸附型稀土矿经过氧化钠及氢氧化钠碱融熔后酸化、 提纯。矿物相是将全相品位减去胶态相、离子型、水溶相获得。进行了离子型稀土再吸附现象研究，探讨了解决原地浸出中再吸附途径。进行了离子交换法从离子吸附型稀土矿低浓度浸出液中回收稀土工艺及其机理研究。进行了电渗析技术应用于离子吸附型稀土矿浸出液回收稀土工艺研究。开展了高效浸出半风化离子型稀土矿试验研究。对 不同风化程度稀土矿稀土浸出试验研究。