厌氧氨氧化-反硝化耦合驱动的ABR反应器碳氮异位归趋机制研究

Anammox (anaerobic ammonium oxidation) is a hot spot of nitrogen removal from wastewater, with great advantages of no organic carbon source consumption and low cost. However, the presence of high organic carbon source concentration in wastewater is considered unfavorable to anammox, and could not remove by only anammox process. These defects blocked the application of Anammox in wastewater treatment. Therefore, how to reduce the influence of organic matter on Anammox, and remove carbon resource and nitrogen with anammox-denitrification coupling process has become a hot implementation of wastewater treatment. However, the control strategy, effect and mechanism of anammox-denitrification coupling process in ABR was still unclear. In this project, by applying Aerobic Baffled Reactor (ABR) with biological phase space separation and high microbial retention, to construct “nitrite denitrification-anammox-nitrate denitrification" successively in ABR reactor through the ectopic cultivation of functional microbes, to achieve ectopic carbon resource and nitrogen removal with anammox-denitrification coupling process in ABR, to clarify the nitrogen and carbon removal pathways, strength and site of ABR with gas and water quality analysis. Then the project would define the distribution and succession rules of functional bacteria population in ABR with FISH、q-PCR and 454 sequencing technique. The implementation of this project would help to a theoretical basis to remove nitrogen and carbon simultaneously from low C/N ratio wastewater using the anammox-denitrification coupling process in ABR.

厌氧氨氧化可实现全程自养脱氮，在低碳氮比废水处理中具有优势，但实际废水有机碳源对厌氧氨氧化菌具有强烈的抑制作用，单一厌氧氨氧化反应难以完全脱氮且无法去除有机碳，导致厌氧氨氧化技术工程化应用困难。因此，如何降低有机物对厌氧氨氧化的影响，并耦合反硝化作用实现废水同步脱氮除碳成为热点，但调控难度大，且微生物驱动机制还不清楚。本项目采用生物相空间分离和高微生物截留性的厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)，通过空间异位差异化功能微生物培养，在反应器内依次构建“亚硝酸盐型反硝化——厌氧氨氧化——硝酸盐型反硝化”的阶梯式反应体系，实现厌氧氨氧化-反硝化耦合驱动的ABR反应器异位同步脱氮除碳作用，通过水质和气体成分解析反应器碳氮归驱的途径、强度和位点，并采用FISH、q-PCR和454测序技术分析厌氧氨氧化-反硝化功能微生物的种群分布与时空演替规律，为低碳氮比废水碳氮异位归趋技术的研发和应用提供理论依据。

本项目采用生物相空间分离和高微生物截留性的厌氧折流板反应器(ABR)，通过参数调控，实现了ABR反应器启动厌氧氨氧化反应，通过提升氮素负荷强化了功能菌的富集率，并分析了富集的主要功能微生物群体。同时，通过空间异位差异化功能微生物培养，在ABR反应器内依次构建“亚硝酸盐型反硝化——厌氧氨氧化——硝酸盐型反硝化”的阶梯式反应体系，实现厌氧氨氧化-反硝化耦合驱动的ABR反应器异位同步脱氮除碳作用，通过水质动态变化初步解析了反应器碳氮归驱的途径、强度和位点，并采用miseq高测序技术分析厌氧氨氧化-反硝化功能微生物的种群分布与时空演替规律。同时，分析了不同有机物种类和浓度对厌氧氨氧化菌活性的抑制和恢复效应，并初步分析了其微生物机理。