高压氢泄漏过程中激波诱导自燃发生的内在机理与预测模型研究

Spontaneous ignition induced by high-pressure hydrogen release is one of the huge potential risks in the promotion hydrogen energy. In this proposal, visualization experimental methods, theoretical analysis and computational fluid dynamic (CFD) technique will be employed to investigate the mechanism and develop prediction model of the spontaneous ignition induced by the shock wave under the condition of pressurized hydrogen leakage. The study will be performed by regularly varying the key parameters/conditions, such as the release pressure, tube dimensions and configuration, and gas temperature. The key characteristics during the release of high-pressure hydrogen, including the generation and propagation of the shock wave, the formation of hydrogen-air diffusion layer, the micro-dynamic and macroscopic parameters of the spontaneous ignition, will be analyzed in detail. Subsequently, the influence mechanisms of the shock wave intensity and the hydrogen-air mixtures properties on the spontaneous ignition will be explored. Meanwhile, the effects of multi-dimensional shock wave and turbulence on the properties of hydrogen-air mixtures and the occurrence, development of spontaneous ignition will also be scrutinized. Furthermore, a quantitative description method of the influence of the key factors on spontaneous ignition can be developed by the introduction of characteristic parameters and dimension analysis. Based on this, a critical criterion and prediction model for the occurrence of spontaneous ignition induced by high-pressure hydrogen release, which is coupled with a variety of characteristic parameters, will be achieved. The research results are not only important for scientific understanding of the spontaneous ignition mechanism of high pressure hydrogen leakage, but also can provide theoretical and technical supports for the safe application of hydrogen energy.

高压氢气泄漏后自发着火燃烧（自燃）是氢能源推广利用过程中面临的重大安全隐患之一，本项目拟采用可视化实验测量、理论分析和计算流体动力学（CFD）数值模拟，针对高压氢泄漏激波形成及诱导自燃发生的内在机理与预测模型开展研究。系统地研究不同关键参数条件下（泄放压力、管道结构尺寸、气体温度等）高压氢泄漏激波产生和传播特性、氢-空气扩散层形成机理；揭示激波诱导氢-空气扩散层自燃发生和发展的微观动力学特性与宏观特征参量的变化规律；探索激波强度与氢-空气扩散混合物性质对自燃发生的影响作用机制；阐明多维激波、湍流作用等对氢-空气混合层以及对自燃发生和发展的影响规律与作用机制；引入特征参数和量纲分析，发展关键条件参数影响下自燃发生的定量化描述方法；建立耦合多特征参数的高压氢泄漏自燃发生临界判据和理论预测模型。研究成果不仅对科学认识高压氢泄漏自燃机理具有重要意义，而且可为氢能源的安全利用提供理论依据和技术支撑。

高压氢气泄漏后引发的自燃危害是氢能推广和发展过程中面临的重大危害之一。本项目采用可视化实验测量，结合数值模拟技术和理论分析，针对高压氢泄漏激波形成及诱导自燃发生的内在机理、预测模型与抑制方法开展了系统研究。研究了泄放压力、管道结构尺寸、障碍物、气体掺混等因素对高压氢气泄漏激波产生和传播特性影响规律，明确了不同泄漏条件下自燃特性；深入分析了激波诱导氢-空气扩散层自燃发生和发展的微观动力学特性（包括点火核产生、火焰精细结构演变等），以及宏观特征参量的变化规律（包括自燃过程压力、点火位置、点火诱导时间等），阐明了激波强度与氢-空气扩散混合物性质对自燃发生的影响作用机制，揭示了氢气自燃火焰发生、发展的动力学机理；获得了不同泄漏条件下高压氢气泄漏自燃的临界条件，发展了基于相似理论的氢气自燃发生定量化描述方法，建立了耦合多特征参数（如泄放压力、管道长度、直径、激波马赫数等）的氢气自燃临界判据和预测模型；分析并揭示了隔膜开口率、二氧化碳等方法对氢气自燃的抑制作用机理，并进一步研究发展了管道内氢-空气预混火焰传播的抑制方法。项目成果可为高压氢气泄漏自燃危害的预防以及氢能系统安全设计提供基础数据、理论依据和数据支撑。.项目共发表论文22篇，其中在Fuel，International Journal of Hydrogen Energy，Fire Safety Journal等能源安全利用、火灾与爆炸类知名学术期刊上发表SCI论文17篇（均为JCR Q1区），申请国家发明专利2项，应邀在国内外权威会议作口头报告5次。培养博士后1名，博士4名（其中2人获研究生国家奖学金），硕士2名。项目负责人获聘为《中国安全科学学报》青年编委。