调湿材料与辐射系统主被动协同调控建筑热湿环境的基础理论及实验研究

Adjusting Indoor Hygrothermal Environment conditions by coupling moisture buffer material with radiant system provides the possibility of overcoming the problem of condensation occurring in buildings conditioned by radiant systems alone. However, many factors, such as outdoor and indoor temperature and relative humidity, internal moisture load, load ratios and heat radiation, have significant influence on moisture buffering values (MBV) of moisture buffer materials. As a result, the indoor hygrothermal environment conditions will be affected. Therefore,survey, experimental, numerical simulation and theoretical analysis method will be implemented to reveal the influence of temperature, moisture content on hygrothermal properties and vapor permeabilities of various moisture buffer materials with different porosity and pore structures; to illustrate the effect of the set relative humidity ranges, indoor moisture generation rates and load ratios, and heat radiation on MBVs and to propose semi-emperical correlations to predict the real MBVs; to explore the effect of the type, thickness, initial moisture content, ventilation rate, moisture generation intensity, surface temperature of radiant panel on transient hygrothermal responses and moisture buffer potential of typical envelop adhered with moisture buffer material layer; to predict the conditioning effect on indoor hygrothermal environment and condensation risk of rooms with moisture buffer materials and radiant system. These may lay theoretical fundamental for enlarging the implementation of radiant air conditioning systems in buildings in hot and humid regions. It is aimed at developing calculation tool to match moisture buffer material with radiant system.

调湿材料与辐射空调主被动协同调控室内环境为克服辐射空调建筑室内结露问题提供了可能。但室外温、湿度状况、室内湿负荷特征及辐射传热作用均会影响调湿材料的缓湿性能，进一步影响到对室内热湿环境的调控效果。因此，拟采用调查、实验、数值仿真和理论分析等方法，揭示温度、含湿量对多种形态（孔构造和孔隙比不同）的调湿材料的热物性参数及表面湿渗透阻力系数的影响规律；摸清相对湿度设定区间、湿负荷强度和作用时间以及辐射传热对调湿材料湿缓存值与其理想值偏离程度的影响，提出半经验预测关联式；探索调湿材料种类、厚度、初始含湿量、通风速率、湿源强度和辐射表面温度等对典型构造的围护结构一侧敷设调湿材料层时的动态热湿响应特征和湿缓存能力的影响规律；预测不同组合方案下辐射供冷和围护结构内敷调湿材料协同调控室内温湿度环境的效果和结露风险，为辐射空调在我国湿热地区建筑中的推广应用奠定理论基础，为调湿材料与辐射冷板匹配使用开发工具。

本课题按照不同测试标准规定的相对湿度区间、吸放湿时长比进行了多种调湿材料湿缓冲值的测定，探究了材料厚度、表面传质系数、相对湿度正弦波和方波作用下多种调湿材料的湿缓冲值；并搜集整理了文献中采用不同方法对多种调湿材料的MBV值的测试结果，结合材料的孔隙率提出了MBVpractical的经验关联式的修正公式；制作了多种调湿材料的试块，观测了其孔隙结构、测试了其孔隙率、导热系数、比热容、密度以及热扩散率、水蒸气渗透系数、汽阻因子、湿扩散系数、等温吸湿曲线等，实测了其对阶跃温、湿度变化的动态热、湿响应状况；采用分子动力学仿真方法，模拟了各向同性和各向异性多孔介质中动态湿扩散过程，分析了空隙率、空隙类型和分布对其热湿响应特性的影响规律；并在气候室中实验测试了应用亚麻纤维坡缕石复合调湿材料的缓湿效果，探究了置换通风以及贴附射流送风对敷设亚麻纤维坡缕石材料的室内热湿分布状况的影响规律；采用数值仿真的方法研究了密闭空间中平面湿源的温度、位置、湿源面积大小和长宽比，房间初始相对湿度和面积大小等因素对室内湿度分布的规律的影响；对通风房间，探究了面湿源温度，体湿源散湿强度、湿源位置以及送风方式、换气次数、送风状态参数等因素对室内速度、湿 度分布以及通风除湿效率的影响规律；采用Energyplus软件模拟研究了不同湿负荷特征的辐射空调建筑室内敷设调湿材料种类、面积比时的热湿动态变化规律，探究了不同气候区代表城市典型构造的围护结构的辐射空调建筑室内敷设不同调湿材料对结露风险的削弱程度；采用WUFI软件模拟研究了典型构造的围护结构内表面敷设不同种类的调湿材料对不同热、湿边界条件的动态响应特征。研究成果为调湿材料与不同气流组织方式、不同湿负荷特征的空调房间中应用奠定了基础。