波浪影响下潮流能水轮机阵列水动力及输出功率波动特性研究

The utilization of tidal stream energy is becoming a hot topic at home and abroad. The tidal stream turbine arrays are affected by wave–current interaction when operated in the real marine environment. The interaction between turbine arrays could influence the hydrodynamic characteristics of tidal current field while the wave could affect the stability of output power. This program focuses on the horizontal axis tidal stream turbines and the hydrodynamic and power fluctuation characteristics in wave-current condition are studied by theoretical analysis, numerical computation and model experiment. The hydrodynamic model and computation method of turbine array in wave condition are established based on the actuator line method. The interaction of the wakes under different arrangements and spacing are investigated and the optimized layouts are put forward. And the distribution and evolution law of turbulence integral length and turbulent integral time scale in wake flow field are established. The spectrum characteristic of power fluctuation can be predicted, leading to the building of mathematical model of output power fluctuation. The research of model test is carried out to produce the test and analysis method of hydrodynamic and power fluctuation characteristics of turbine array in wave-current environment. And the test is conduct to verify the theoretical analysis and numerical computation. The completion of the project will provide theoretical basis and technical support for the efficient arrangement of turbine arrays and the stability of output power.

潮流能的利用正成为国内外研究的热点，运行在真实海洋环境中的潮流能水轮机阵列会受到波浪和潮流的共同作用，阵列内水轮机的互相干扰会影响潮流场水动力特性，波浪会影响输出功率稳定性。本项目拟以水平轴潮流能水轮机阵列为研究对象，通过理论分析、数值计算和模型试验相结合的手段，重点研究其在波浪影响下水动力及输出功率波动特性。基于致动线方法建立波流环境下水轮机阵列的水动力模型和计算方法；揭示不同布置方式、机组不同间距条件下阵列水轮机的互相影响规律，寻求优化的水轮机阵列布局方案；建立湍流积分长度和湍流积分时间尺度在尾流场中的分布和演化规律模型，实现功率波动频谱特性的预测，构建潮流能发电场输出功率波动的数学模型；开展模型试验验证研究，形成波流环境下水轮机阵列水动力及功率波动特性测试和分析方法，验证理论模型和数值算法可靠性。项目的完成将为高效布置机组阵列增加发电量和提高输出功率稳定性提供理论基础和技术支持。

“加快建设海洋强国”是习近平总书记在党的十九大报告中提出的战略目标，“十四五”规划、2020年国务院发布的《新时代的中国能源发展》白皮书和《中国制造二〇二五》等也都明确提出未来要加快壮大海洋装备产业，积极推进潮流能等海洋能技术研发和示范应用。我国是海洋大国，拥有漫长的海岸线、广袤的管辖海域和丰富的海洋资源，开发利用潮流能不仅有利于发展海洋经济、应对能源危机和实现“碳达峰、碳中和”目标，同时对产业升级、岛屿开发和海防建设具有重要的战略意义。项目以课题组自主研发的三叶片水平轴潮流能水轮机为研究对象，通过理论分析、数值计算和模型试验相结合的手段，研究了波浪影响下水轮机阵列水动力及输出功率波动特性。首先基于三维非定常致动线方法建立了波浪影响下的水轮机水动力模型和计算方法，通过与真实叶片模拟和实验数据验证了该模型的准确性。开展了潮流能水轮机水动力特性和功率特性的数值模拟研究，揭示了不同流场环境和布置方式下水轮机的互相影响规律。接着研究了潮流场输出功率波动机理，建立了剪切流和波浪影响下的功率波动预测数学模型，模型能够较好的反映出机组输出功率的频谱特征。最后开展了单机组和多机组的潮流能水轮机流场及性能试验研究，验证了理论模型和数值算法可靠性。项目的完成为高效布置机组阵列增加发电量和提高输出功率稳定性提供了理论基础和技术支持。