考虑分心驾驶行为的交通实验、建模与管理研究

Distracted driving is a very complex and dangerous behavior, which can impair drivers’ driving performance, lead to the instability of traffic flow and the degeneration of the capacity. Studying distracted driving behavior not only aims to enhance the safety of traffic flow, but also to improve the utilization of the existing road resource and capacity. This project hopes to acquire the distracted driving characteristics through the driving simulator experiment, and then to sort out the influence mechanism of distraction on drivers’ physiological features and driving behaviors. Based on these experiments and investigations, it aims to develop the traffic flow theory with the establishment of the microscopic traffic flow models that have considered the distracted driving behaviors. Afterwards, the spatiotemporal evolution patterns of traffic flow induced by the distracted driving will be explored and the traffic management and control strategies that can reduce the risk of driving, the emissions of vehicles and meanwhile can improve the capacity will be proposed. With the compliment of this project, we hope to make contributions into the traffic safety and the minimization of traffic congestion and emissions and can bring about some benefits of society and economy.

分心驾驶是一个非常复杂并且危险的交通行为。它不仅会削弱司机的驾驶水平，危害交通安全，而且会造成交通流失稳，道路通行能力下降。研究分心驾驶行为是为了提高交通系统的安全性，提升现有道路资源利用率及道路通行能力。本项目通过深入开展驾驶模拟实验，获取司机的个体特征信息和驾驶行为特征信息，提取分心驾驶的微观详细数据，理清分心对司机生理和驾驶行为的影响机理，在现有交通流理论的基础上，发展符合我国司机行为特征的分心驾驶理论，提出能够正确描述分心驾驶的微观交通流模型，探索分心驾驶引起的交通流时空演化规律，研究能够降低车辆行驶风险、减少尾气排放与提高道路通行能力的管理与控制方案。课题完成，可望对提供交通安全、降低城市交通拥堵与排放做出重要贡献，并产生一定的社会和经济效益。

针对分心驾驶这一个复杂而危险的交通行为，本项目按“分心实验设计与分析-分心驾驶行为建模与仿真-考虑分心的交通政策与建议”这一主线开展深入研究。首先，开展失眠病人内部分心、夜间分心驾驶模拟器实验。利用驾驶器直接输出的车辆行驶数据和通过问卷、脑电仪等设备采集的生理心理数据进行分析，研究分心对驾驶行为的作用机理。其次，在综述现有交流模型研究的基础上，将随机性作为分心的一种形式引入经典跟驰模型中，构建了考虑分心及其影响的微观仿真模型。通过仿真，对考虑分心的交通流演化机理与传播特性进行分析。同时，研究现有政策对于分心驾驶及其危害性减缓的实施效果，并给出相关政策建议。面对突发的新冠疫情，利用部分经费对突发疫情下提高公交系统整体满意度，缓解由于疫情引发的乘坐公共交通工具的恐慌提出建议。本项目为考虑分心驾驶的交通流理论发展提供了理论贡献，为提供交通安全、降低城市交通拥堵与排放做出重要贡献，并产生一定的社会和经济效益。