好氧反硝化作用的分子生物学机制及其过程动力学研究

At present, the major objects of municipal wastewater treatment in China are gradually converting from traditional organic matter removal to the removal of nutrient substance such as nitrogen. The proposition of aerobic denitrification theory expanded the research orientation of wastewater biological nitrogen removal technology.This project studies aerobic denitrifying bacteria as the object, elaborating the metabolism and regulation mechanisms of aerobic denitrifying bacteria combining genome, bioinformatics and process kinetics, and making a foundation of aerobic denitrification theory, including: (1) the functioning interrelationships between Nap and Nar, (2) the degradation kinetics models of aerobic denitrifying bacteria and microbial community degrading nitrate, (3) analysis of the effect and production of aerobic denitrification oxygen based membrane biofilm reactor, (4) constructing of aerobic denitrification stoichiometry and mass balance model. This study belongs to the fields of environmental engineering, genetic engineering and bioinformatics, and the meaningsinclude:(1) revealing the metabolism and regulation mechanism of aerobic denitrification bacteria from the genome level.(2) establishingthe substrate degradation kinetics equation under the action of different denitrifying enzymes.(3) building the oxygenbased membrane biofilm reactor system basing on aerobic denitrification and proposing the regulation strategy of aerobic denitrification.(4) building the models of stoichiometry and mass balance, then quantitatively analyzing the metabolic pathways and function mechanism of aerobic denitrifying bacteria.

当前我国城市污水处理的主要对象已由有机污染物去除转变为氮素物质去除。好氧反硝化理论的提出拓展了污水生物脱氮技术的新方向。本项目以好氧反硝化菌为研究对象，结合基因组学、生物信息学及过程动力学，全面解析好氧反硝化菌的代谢及调控机理，为好氧反硝化理论研究奠定基础，内容包括：(1) Nap与Nar在好氧反硝化过程中的作用关系；(2)好氧反硝化菌(群)对硝酸盐的降解动力学模型；(3)氧基质-MBfR系统的好氧反硝化效能及产物分析；(4)好氧反硝化过程的化学计量学及物料平衡模型构建。 本研究属于环境工程、基因工程及生物信息学领域，意义在于：(1)从基因层面揭示好氧反硝化菌的代谢及调控机理。(2)从动力学角度建立不同反硝化酶作用下的底物降解动力学方程。(3)构建基于好氧反硝化作用的氧基质-MBfR系统，提出好氧反硝化作用调控策略。(4)构建化学计量学及物料平衡模型，解析好氧反硝化菌代谢途径及作用机理。

当前我国城市污水处理的主要对象已由有机污染物去除转变为氮素物质去除。好氧反硝化理论的提出拓展了污水生物脱氮技术的新方向。本项目以好氧反硝化菌为研究对象，结合基因组学、分子生物学及过程动力学，全面解析好氧反硝化菌的代谢及调控机理，为好氧反硝化理论研究奠定基础，取得的主要成果包括：（1）结合全基因组序列及氮平衡分析，揭示了好氧反硝化菌Pseudomonas stutzeri T13在不同条件下的氮代谢途径（2）结合反转录-qPCR等分子生物学技术，考察好氧反硝化作用功能基因的转录机制（3）结合经典Monod方程及传统化学计量学计算方法，获得好氧反硝化菌Pseudomonas stutzeri T13的降解动力学及化学计量学方程。.本研究属于环境工程、微生物生理学及生物信息学领域，意义在于：（1）基于反转录-qPCR等分子生物学技术，从基因层面定性地揭示好氧反硝化的作用机制及调控机理；（2）通过得到的好氧反硝化菌的动力学及化学计量学方参数，能够从过程动力学及元素归趋的角度，定量地解析好氧反硝化菌的代谢途径及作用机制。