亚热带山地不同生境下访花昆虫物种多样性及植物-访花昆虫网络的比较研究

Complex relationships between plants and insects have been built in a long-term coevolution. Plant-visitor interaction network has an important contribution to biodiversity and ecosystem, which is also affected by plant communities significantly. So it had been being to an significant hot spot in recent years. There are rich habitats with different plant communities and flower-visiting insects in subtropical forest region. However, only a few studies were conducted on the mechanism of effects of plant communities on plant-visitor networks in subtropical forest ecosystem. Here, we intend to study the effects of plant communities on plant-visitor networks in a subtropical forest ecosystem, as a case in Jinggangshan National Nature Reserve. Our objective is to reveal the temporal and spacial dynamic laws on biodiversity of flower-vising insects in different habitats and mechanisms of the effect of plant communities on plant-visitor networks, and to answer the questions as follow: ① How does plant communities affect the biodiversity of flower-visiting insects? ②What is the important effects of plant communities on the specialization, generalization and asymmetry of plant-visitor networks in subtropical forest ecosystem? Whether the plant-visitor network is tended to be generalization in the region with high plant communities? The results are expected to provide practical guidance for the agricultural and forestry production, and to provide a theoretical basis for protection of biodiversity and ecosystem.

植物与昆虫在长期的协同进化中形成了复杂的互作关系，植物-访花昆虫互作网络对生物多样性及生态系统都具有显著贡献，且受生境变化的影响，成为近年来的重要热点。我国亚热带山地具有丰富的生境类型和昆虫资源，但关于亚热带山地不同生境中访花昆虫多样性及植物-访花昆虫网络的比较研究报道极少。本项目拟以亚热带山地不同生境中植物-访花昆虫为对象，通过设置不同生境类型和样方调查等方法，研究不同生境下访花昆虫多样性及植物-访花昆虫网络结构，阐明不同生境下访花昆虫的物种组成及时空多样性规律，揭示生境类型对植物-访花昆虫网络结构的影响。并回答问题：生境内植物群落多样性如何影响访花昆虫多样性？生境中植物群落多样性对植物-访花昆虫网络"特化、泛化"和"不对称性"进化特征有何影响？多样性高的区域是否更趋"泛化"？本研究可望在理论上探明生境类型对植物-访花昆虫互作网络结构的影响机制；在实践上为多样性保护和农林生产提供指导。

植物与昆虫在协同进化过程中形成了复杂的互作关系，植物-访花昆虫互作网络对生物多样性及生态系统都具有显著贡献，且受生境变化的影响。我国亚热带山地具有丰富的生境类型和昆虫资源，但关于亚热带山地不同生境中访花昆虫多样性及植物-访花昆虫网络比较研究极少。本课题以亚热带山地不同生境中植物-访花昆虫为研究对象，通过设置不同生境类型和样方调查等方法，从2015年开始到2018年这四年里，组织开展了大量而深入的研究工作，调查了井冈山地区昆虫多样性组成，采集昆虫标本1万余号，植物标本1700余号，共鉴定昆虫20目，191科，883属1678种，发现了一些新分类单元；研究了不同生境下访花昆虫多样性及植物-访花昆虫网络结构，分析了不同生境下访花昆虫的物种多样性组成及时空多样性规律，探讨了生境类型对植物-访花昆虫网络结构的影响，基本完成了预设目标。联合培养硕士研究生1名，发表科技论文4篇。本课题完成的工作理论上证明了植物多样性对访花昆虫多样性及植物-访花昆虫互作网络结构的影响，实践上可以为生物多样性保护，尤其是传粉昆虫的保护和利用等提供理论基础和科学依据。