木材用新型合成蜡的制备与界面结合调控及烫蜡品质研究

At present, the problem of environmental pollution on wood production, floor, building and interior wood materials used oil coating has not yet solved, while waxing wood with natural wax (beeswax/insect wax) shows good adornment effect and environmentally, but it can't meet the demand of industrialization on decoration quality of wood because of the lower yield, higher cost, the loss of the formula and technique. This research reveals the surface/interface bonding mechanism of microstructure between natural wax and wood by studying on the features of natural wax (beeswax/insect wax) and waxing wood. Synthetic wax is going to be made to replace or exceed natural wax by using paraffin wax as raw material, mixing with the chemical modified polyethylene wax and polypropylene wax to add the polar group content in synthetic wax. In addition, using the physic and chemical method to pretreated wood, which increase the polar group content on the surface of wood. The mechanism of surface/ interface bonding between synthetic wax and wood microstructure is going to be revealed by using elm, manchurian ash, fir, spruce, and red acid branch as base materials for waxing, and putting forward the optimization of waxing wood decoration technology with synthetic wax. Analysis methods such as digital image processing, a calibration model of extracting characteristic parameters and support vector machine (SVM) are going to be used, by determining and analyzing of the performance index of waxing wood with natural and synthetic wax, the evaluation model of waxing performance with synthetic wax and the quality evaluation system are going to be established. This study can fill the lack of no related researches and provides the theory basis for wood decoration with improving wood adornment effect and achieving to low carbon and environmental protection.

目前木制品、地板、建筑和室内木质材料采用油性涂料尚未解决环保问题，虽然天然蜡(蜂蜡/虫蜡)烫蜡木材装饰效果好和绿色环保，但成本高，配方和技艺遗失，无法满足木材装饰质量的工业化需求。本研究通过对天然蜡特性和烫蜡木材研究，揭示天然蜡与木材表/界面结合机理；以石蜡为原料，与经接枝改性、氧化改性、丙烯酰胺改性和酯化改性后引入极性基团的聚乙烯蜡和聚丙烯蜡共混制成新型极性合成蜡替代天然蜡，采用物理与化学方法对木材表面预处理，使木材表面极性分子团占比增加极易与极性合成蜡结合，以木材为基材进行烫蜡处理，揭示合成蜡与木材微结构表/界面结合机理，提出优化的合成蜡烫蜡木材装饰技术；采用数字图像处理、指标评价特征参数提取的校验模型和支持向量机等手段，对烫蜡木材性能指标进行测定和分析，建立合成蜡烫蜡品质评定模型和体系。本研究可填补尚无相关研究的缺憾，对提升木材装饰效果及实现低碳环保的木材装饰提供理论依据。

针对天然蜡（蜂蜡/虫蜡）产量低、成本高、配方失传和烫蜡技艺传承遗失等原因，研发具有高性能、高稳定性的改性新型合成蜡，对我国烫蜡技艺相关基础研究及传承民族工业产业具有重要的理论价值。通过对天然蜡（蜂蜡/虫蜡）分子结构、特性和烫蜡木材性能等指标作为研究依据，采用石蜡、聚乙烯蜡和聚丙烯蜡等化学改性后与共混物共融方法，建立了用于木材烫蜡使用的改性新型极性合成蜡制备的新途径，实现了木材与新型合成蜡的化学结合，揭示改性新型合成蜡与木材微结构表/界面结合机制，丰富了木材新型装饰材料利用的科学基础；通过木材表面预处理与新型极性合成蜡在高温烫蜡过程中产生界面反应，优化了烫蜡技术；采用计算机等科学的方法对烫蜡性能品质进行定量化评价，建立烫蜡性能品质科学的评定方法。项目中主要研究成果，主持人以通讯作者发表论文11篇，其中SCI论文6篇，2篇正在外审中，中文期刊论文5篇，其中3篇已接收；项目全部内容出版专著1部；申请专利9项，发明专利4项，其中3项在实审期间，1项在申请中，实用新型专利5项，全部授权；硕士和博士研究生培养：该项目前期、研究期间以及拓展研究中，共培养和继续在读研究生6名，其中已毕业硕士研究生2名，毕业博士研究生1名，在读博士研究生3名。