面向轴系扭转冲击载荷的磁流变缓冲控制机理研究

Although the passive torsional dampers are widely adopted in the current rotating shaft vibration isolation systems, it cannot achieve the adaptive buffering control to obtain the optimal damping performance according to different impact conditions. To solve the problem of lack of adaptive control of traditional passive torsional dampers, the novel magnetorheological (MR) torsional damper for torsional impact load suppression in the shafting system is presented in this project. This novel torsional damper is based on the advantages of MR fluid, which is characterized by controllable damping and fast response time. The response characteristics of single/double span shafting systems under different torsional impact loads and system structure parameters are analyzed. From the perspective of overall system optimization, the value range of the structure parameters of the MR torsional damper is determined, and then the matching optimization of device and system is realized by combining multi-objective optimization theory. Considering the effect of the temperature rise effect on the performance of the MR torsional damper, a dynamic model with temperature parameters is established. The shafting torsional impact experiment platform is built and based on the experimental platform, the dynamic characteristics experiment of MR torsional damper under the different torsional impact conditions are carried out. Furthermore, the validity of the dynamic model and the controllability of the MR torsional damper are verified by the experimental results. According to the strong nonlinear, hysteresis and complexity of the MR torsional damper system, the adaptive control strategy of non-dependent model is adopted and the effectiveness of the control strategy is verified by simulation and experiment results. This project provides a new method for suppressing the torsional impact load based on the MR torsional damper, which provides a theoretical basis for the engineering application of the shafting anti-torsional smart buffer system.

针对目前旋转轴系所采用的被动式扭转缓冲控制方式，无法根据不同冲击工况进行自适应缓冲控制，以实现最佳的缓冲效果问题，本项目基于磁流变智能材料阻尼可控的特点，提出了一种面向轴系扭转冲击载荷的磁流变缓冲控制方法。通过理论分析不同扭转冲击载荷、系统结构参数下单/双跨轴系的响应特性；根据系统总体优化角度，确定抗扭冲磁流变缓冲器结构参数的取值范围，并结合多目标优化理论实现器件和系统的匹配优化；考虑温升效应对磁流变缓冲器性能的影响，建立适用于扭转冲击载荷下含温度参数的动力学模型；搭建轴系扭转冲击实验平台，开展各扭转冲击工况下的磁流变缓冲器动态特性实验研究，验证所建立的动力学理论模型的有效性及缓冲器的可控性；针对缓冲系统的强非线性和复杂性，采用不依赖模型的自适应控制策略，并利用仿真和实验验证该控制策略的有效性。本项目提供一种新型的抗扭冲磁流变缓冲控制方法，为轴系抗扭冲智能缓冲系统的工程应用提供理论基础。

本项目以面向扭转冲击载荷的磁流变缓冲器的缓冲控制机理为研究对象，以发动机旋转曲轴系的扭转振动/冲击为具体应用场景，针对轴系扭转冲击问题，提出了新的磁流变抗扭冲解决方案。项目采取理论分析、数值仿真和实验研究相结合的研究方法，从器件设计-力学建模-系统控制角度出发，系统地研究面向轴系扭转冲击载荷的磁流变缓冲控制机理。具体开展了轴系扭转冲击响应分析及影响参数研究、扭转冲击载荷下磁流变缓冲器结构设计及参数优化、考虑温升效应的抗扭冲磁流变缓冲器动力学建模以及半主动控制研究四个部分工作。通过对轴系动力学特性进行理论分析，考察器件各参数（如惯量比、定调比和阻尼比参数等）对扭转冲击响应的影响；针对轴系扭转缓冲应用场景，结合传统硅油扭转减振器结构特点，确定了磁流变扭转缓冲器的结构型式并进行磁路设计及仿真分析验证；选取响应时间、功耗、可控性、力矩密度以及体积等五个指标作为优化目标，对抗扭冲磁流变缓冲器进行多目标优化设计，以实现器件-系统的最佳匹配。建立了面向扭转冲击载荷的磁流变缓冲器转矩模型及旋转轴系的动力学模型，基于有限元分析模型揭示了磁流变扭转缓冲器在不同工况下的温升变化规律；运用Amesim 软件分析了磁流变扭转缓冲器对旋转曲轴系扭转振动/冲击载荷的抑振缓冲效果。以扭转加速度为抗扭转冲击载荷的磁流变缓冲器量化控制目标，建立了磁流变液缓冲器在扭转冲击载荷下的控制模型，分析了控制策略下抗扭冲磁流变缓冲器的抗扭转冲击的效果，验证控制策略的可行性。本项目的工作不仅为轴系扭转冲击控制提供一种半主动控制新方式，亦可以促使旋转机械系统向智能化方向发展，为抗扭冲磁流变缓冲装置的工程应用提供理论支撑。三年来，本项目研究成果已经在国内外公开发表学术论文9篇，其中SCI检索6篇，授权国家发明专利4项，实用新型专利5项；依托本项目已培养硕士研究生2名，在读研究生4名；项目负责人由讲师晋升为副教授，并获聘硕士指导教师资格。