合成孔径高度计数据处理关键技术及其在北冰洋海洋动力环境监测中的应用研究

As a part of the Earth system, the variation of the Arctic ocean system, will directly affect the global scale atmospheric circulation, ocean circulation and the world climate changes. Precise quantitative monitoring arctic Marine dynamic environment and its change trend is a very important content of modern scientific research. This proposal focus on the scientific problem, "Global climate change and the typical regional response", and the Arctic Ocean was selected as research object. The change of Arctic region will be derived from the measurement of satellite altimeter. Breaking the restriction on the space-time resolution and the accuracy of traditional altimeter, Cryosat2 synthetic aperture altimeter as an example, we will research the mechanism of synthetic aperture altimeter, and build a set of altimeter echo algorithms of recovering sea/ice level height and other marine environment components from the returned waveform of satellite altimeter. Combined with the statistical characteristic of returned echoes and the parameters of synthetic aperture altimeter, an optimal waveform re-tracking algorithm was employed to satisfy the requirement of sea/ice level height measurement with high precision. Also, error analysis about the synthetic aperture altimeter will also be derived from the echo characteristics. The functional relationship between the returned waveform of altimeter and the marine environment parameters will be discussed in this research, and an practical function model will be derived to recover the marine dynamic environment from the satellite altimeter. The abundant altimeter echo information can also be used to monitor the trend/seasonal change of the marine environment. Jointing the existing marine observation data, we will expend the application of synthetic aperture altimeter. The change of marine environment, mass redistribution and the gravity field over the Arctic region will be the main subjections in the study. Eventually, an integrated system including basic principle of synthetic aperture altimeter, data processing and its scientific application will be brought out. The study will surely promote our research level about space-borne synthetic aperture altimeter and other related applications.

作为地球系统一部分，北冰洋系统的变异，将直接影响全球尺度大气环流、大洋环流和世界气候的变异。精密定量化监测北冰洋地区海洋动力环境及其变化趋势已是现代科学研究中一个非常重要的研究内容。项目围绕"全球气候变化及典型区域响应"这一科学问题，以北冰洋作为研究区域，通过开展合成孔径雷达高度计测量机理的研究，建立一套适合海洋、海冰等环境的高度计回波模型；结合高度计环境参数和回波波形统计特性，建立适用的高度计回波跟踪算法以满足高精度海面/冰面高测量的需要；利用高度计回波特征开展相关测高误差分析。研究合成孔径高度计回波波形与海洋动力环境参数的关系，建立回波波形与海洋动力环境参数实用函数模型；拓展合成孔径高度计应用研究，联合其他海洋观测资料，开展北冰洋地区海洋动力环境变化、极区质量迁移以及重力场反演等相关科学研究。最终，形成一套完整的、具有自主知识产权的合成孔径高度计基本原理、数据处理及科学应用体系。

精密定量化监测海洋动力环境及其变化趋势已是现代科学研究中一个非常重要的研究内容。项目围绕"全球气候变化及典型区域响应"这一科学问题，通过开展合成孔径雷达高度计测量机理的研究，重点针对我国自主高度计HY-2A测高卫星，建立一套适合海洋、海冰等环境的高度计回波模型；结合HY-2A高度计环境参数反演和高度计回波波形统计特性，建立适用的高度计回波跟踪算法以满足高精度海面/冰面高测量的需要；利用高度计回波特征展开了详细的测高误差分析研究。研究合成孔径高度计回波波形与海洋动力环境参数的关系，建立回波波形与海洋动力环境参数实用函数模型；拓展了合成孔径高度计应用研究，联合其他海洋观测资料，开展海洋动力环境变化、质量迁移以及重力场反演等相关科学研究。最终，形成一套完整的、具有自主知识产权的合成孔径高度计基本原理、数据处理及科学应用体系。